Prompt Iron Enrichment, Two r-Process Components, and Abundances in Very Metal-Poor Stars

We compare the structure and substructure of dark matter halos in model universes dominated by collisional, strongly self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and collisionless, weakly interacting dark matter (CDM). While SIDM virialized halos are more nearly spherical than CDM halos, they can be rotationally flattened by as much as 20% in their inner regions. Substructure halos suffer ram-pressure truncation and drag, which are more rapid and severe than their gravitational counterparts tidal stripping and dynamical friction. Lensing constraints on the size of galactic halos in clusters are a factor of 2 smaller than predicted by gravitational stripping, and the recent detection of tidal streams of stars escaping from the satellite galaxy Carina suggests that its tidal radius is close to its optical radius of a few hundred parsecs-an order of magnitude smaller than predicted by CDM models but consistent with SIDM models. The orbits of SIDM satellites suffer significant velocity bias, sigmaSIDM&solm0;sigmaCDM=0.85, and are more circular than CDM satellites, betaSIDM approximately 0.5, in agreement with the inferred orbits of the Galaxy's satellites. In the limit of a short mean free path, SIDM halos have singular isothermal density profiles; thus, in its simplest incarnation SIDM, is inconsistent with galactic rotation curves.     

The dust coma of Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner in the infrared

We present 1-20 micrometers photometry of P/Giacobini-Zinner obtained at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, during 1985 June-September (r = 1.57-1.03 AU). A broad, weak 10 micrometers silicate emission feature was detected on August 26.6; a similar weak emission feature could have been hidden in the broadband photometry on other dates. The total scattering and emitting cross section of dust in the inner coma was similar to that in other short-period comets, but a factor of 10 (r = 1.56 AU) to 100 (r = 1.03 AU) lower than the amount of dust in Comet Halley. The thermal emission continuum can be fit with models weighted toward either small or large absorbing grains. The dust production rate near perihelion was approximately 10(5) g/s (small-grain model) to approximately 10(6) g/s (large-grain model). The corresponding dust/gas mass ratio on August 26 was approximately 0.1-1. A silicate-rich heterogeneous grain model with an excess of large particles is compatible with the observed spectrum of Giacobini-Zinner on August 26. Thus, weak or absent silicate emission does not necessarily imply an absence of silicates in the dust, although the abundance of silicate particles < or = 1 micrometer radius must have been lower than in Comet Halley.     

饱和氧流体中铂和金的溶解度计算及与不整合有关的铀矿床中铂—钯和金...

铂，金溶解度的热力学计算表明，大气氧饱和的含盐（１ｍｏｌ ＮａＣｌ）的流体能够搬运具符合地质上实际浓度的，以氯配合物形式存在的铂地素，金和铀。大量主流体－岩石相互作用的计算表明，流经含有石英，白云母，高岭石，磁铁矿和赤铁矿的岩石的，氧饱和流体，开始将磁欣矿氧化为赤铁矿，然后使含矿流体保持高氧化态。这种氧化流体在向含水层运移时会使氧化－还原界面不断深入含水层，淋滤并沉淀出拍和金。早先沉淀的铂和金的再     

一个分析和预报热带气旋路径的交互系统

该文描述了一个分析和预报热带气旋路径的交互系统的设计概念和业务试验。设计概念强调了一种交互系统,在这种系统中预报员能客观地试验各种设想,而不必从来自标准方法的相互冲突的预报中主观地作出选择。该系统是为放在预报工作台上的个人计算机或工作站而设计。Barnes或者统计内插方案可用来分析预报员选定的任何大气高度或各层平均的原始或仿造的观测。然后通过积分无辐散正压模式来制作路径预报。 1990年西北太平洋热带气旋外场试验期间的业务试验表明该系统能有效地实时应用。文中还给出一系列个例研究的例子。     

Assessment of Jessica oil spill impacts on intertidal invertebrate communities

The impact of the Jessica oil-spill on intertidal macroinvertebrate communities was studied using a reference-impact design at three tidal levels at sites where oil deposits had been reported by a shoreline assessment team, and adjacent reference sites. Faunal relationships between the various sites did not show any clear pattern related to oil exposure at the time of sampling (4-11 months post-spill). Similarly, no significant differences associated with oiling were detected for total animal density nor species richness data, nor for the abundances of common taxa. We note that post-hoc studies such as this are limited by a failure to recognise different levels of oiling impacts at different sites (oiling-site interactions). Baseline information is critical if subtle effects of oiling are to be distinguished.     

Comparing an estimate of seabirds at risk to a mortality estimate from the November 2004 Terra Nova FPSO oil spill

On 21 November 2004, about 1000 barrels of crude oil were accidentally released from the Terra Nova FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) onto the Grand Banks, approximately 340 km east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland. We estimated the number of vulnerable seabirds (murres (Uria spp.) and dovekies (Alle alle)) at risk from this incident by multiplying observed densities of seabirds with the total area covered by the slick, estimated at 793 km(2). A mean density of 3.46 murres/km(2) and 1.07 dovekies/km(2) on the sea surface was recorded during vessel-based surveys on 28 and 29 November 2004, with a mean density of 6.90 murres/km(2) and 13.43 dovekies/km(2) combining those on the sea and in flight. We calculated a mean of 9858 murres and dovekies were at risk of being oiled, with estimates ranging from 3593 to 16,122 depending on what portion of birds in flight were assumed to be at risk. A mortality model based on spill volume was derived independently of the risk model, and estimated that 4688 (CI 95%: 1905-12,480) birds were killed during this incident. A low mortality estimate based strictly on spill volume would be expected for this incident, which occurred in an area of relatively high seabird densities. Given that the risk and mortality estimates are statistically indistinguishable, we estimate that on the order of 10,000 birds were killed by the Terra Nova spill.