山东湿地水鸟食性和迁徙规律的研究

对山东湿地水鸟食性和迁徒规律的研究表明,在物理环境因素和外来干扰一致或趋同的条件下,水鸟的数量分布(y)与底栖动物的生物量(x)呈线性相关关系y=-3.606+0.2157x。迁徙性鸟类特别是旅鸟构成了湿地鸟类的主体。不同水鸟的迁徙期、迁徙高峰出现的时间不同,但其迁徙的时间及顺序较为固定,各物种高峰期一般持续约15～30d。一般小型鸟类居留时间较短,迁徙时间较早;大中型鸟类居留时间较长,迁徙时间也较迟。水鸟的迁徙以家族为单位,一般成鸟先开始迁飞,幼鸟迁飞紧随其后。     

青岛胶州湾湿地水鸟资源现状及保护对策

胶州湾是山东半岛面积最大的河口海湾型湿地,湿地总面积约3.7万hm2,由于其特殊的地理位置和丰富的湿地生物资源,成为亚太地区水鸟迁徙的重要停歇地和越冬地。目前胶州湾湿地鸟类有12目26科156种,其中包括许多全球濒危和国家级重点保护种类。鉴于目前胶州湾的不断萎缩及湿地生物多样性和生态环境的不断破坏现状,为保护湿地水鸟资源,恢复胶州湾良好的生态环境,应尽早建立湿地自然保护区,开展水鸟资源的保护和湿地环境生态改造,为亚太地区候鸟的顺利迁徙提供良好的栖息地,推动青岛市自然保护区建设事业。     

关于风力发电场风机光影影响防护距离的研究

风力发电场的建设,极大地推动了地方经济的发展;但如果风机布置不科学,极有可能对周围民宅产生光影闪烁影响。关于风力发电场风机的光影闪烁影响预测,国家目前尚无相应的标准和规范,也无可借鉴资料。综合分析了辽宁省环境工程评估审核中心所评估的个例环评报告,初步探讨了风机产生的光影闪烁影响的各种情况,提出了风机光影影响防护距离的概念和计算方法。     

鄂尔多斯镇原地区下白垩统砂岩地球化学特征及其对物源区、构造背景的指示

本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区下白垩统砂岩进行主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素REE等地球化学分析, 就下白垩统砂岩的沉积再循坏特征、化学风化及其构造背景和物质来源等展开讨论。研究表明: ① 下白垩统洛河组、环河组和罗汉洞组的物源主体上具有相似性, 且在构造背景、物源区及物源特征上有良好的继承性。物源区总体具有富石英、富方解石胶结物、钾长石或富钾矿物较斜长石多的特点, 罗汉洞组较环河组和洛河组硅质更高、方解石胶结物更少、质更纯。稀土元素REE配分模式曲线一致, 轻重稀土分馏明显, 富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Pb、Sr和轻稀土元素, 亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Th、Y等,自下而上随着地层变新, 沉积岩中总的稀土含量有变小的趋势, 重稀土元素分馏程度减小; ② 研究区下白垩统砂岩原始物质主要为长英质与基性岩混合岩 (如中酸性侵入岩、长英质变质岩)及部分沉积岩。研究区大部分沉积物是鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘逆冲推覆带母岩风化剥蚀的产物搬运至此沉积形成, 系首次沉积的物质, 少数沉积物 (即风成砂)为就地再次搬运堆积形成, 系再循环沉积物质; ③ 在构造背景上具有以被动大陆边缘构造环境占主要优势的特点。碎屑物主要来源于陆块源区, 其次来源于再旋回造山带和混合源区。     

岩质滑坡稳定性有限元分析

目前国内外大多数规范中推荐或者强制性规定滑坡稳定性分析采用极限平衡法。由于极限平衡法本身的局限性,存在诸多不合理之处,如何对其进行改进使之更加合理已成为岩土工程中的重要课题之一。针对岩质滑坡存在明显的软弱滑动带的特点,提出了有限元计算过程中不同滑动带的处理方法,结合工程中常用的不平衡推力传递法,给出了滑坡稳定性的有限元分析方法,将其应用于芡草沱滑坡,并与基于刚体极限平衡原理的不平衡推力传递法的计算结果进行了比较,表明其计算方法可靠,可直接应用于实际工程。     

关于天然气水合物钻探的思考

天然气水合物是一种固态的化合物,烃类气体源。固态的天然气水合物只能稳定存在于较低的温度（０￣１０℃）和较高的压力（１０ＭＰａ以上）,这些均给天然气水合物的钻采带来了一定的难度。简要介绍了天然气水合物的形成、稳定条件,分布情况以及国内外勘查研究新动向,着重阐述了天然气水合物钻探的作用及有关技术问题,提出了我国开展天然气水合物钻探的工作思路。     

The Most Complete Sequence of Telychian Graptolite Zones in the World

This paper divides the Telychian into 7 graptolite zones, 12 subzones and 4 chitinoans in the Ziyangregion, China. The zones and subzones of England are almost totally suitable for the case of Ziyang in China, though they are 10000 km apart. All the above-mentioned biozones are found only in a unitary continuous section in Ziyang. It has been proved that the Ziyang section is the one with the most complete sequence of Telychian graptolite biozones in the world.     

南水北调中线总干渠左岸区域洪水的数值模拟研究

研究开发了将坡面产汇流与沟、洪水演进有机结合的水文水力学模型。模型中采用区域洪水分析、水域全区自动跟踪识别和复杂开边界过流处理等技术。模型应用于南水北调中线总干渠工程左岸牛尾河串流区洪水的仿真计算,较好地模拟了洪水期计算区域内的降雨、坡面产汇流及河沟的洪水演进、串流状况、为总干渠工程规划设计和沿线区域防洪规划提供了重要参考依据。     

A Functional Land Use Classification for Ecological,Production and Living Spaces in the Taihang Mountains

A combination of rapid industrialization, economic development and urbanization has caused a series of issues such as resource shortages, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and tension between human needs and land conservation. In order to promote balanced development of human, resources, ecosystems, the environment, and the economy and society, it is vital to conceptualize ecological spaces, production spaces and living spaces. Previous studies of ecological-production-living spaces focused mainly on urban and rural areas; few studies have examined mountainous areas. The Taihang Mountains, a key area between the North China Plain and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area providing ecological shelter and the safeguarding of crucial water sources, suffer from increasing problems of fragile environment, inappropriate land use and tensions in the human-land relationship. However, studies of the ecological, production, and living spaces in the Taihang Mountains are still lacking. Therefore, this study, based on the concept of ecological-production-living spaces and using data from multiple sources, took the Taihang Mountains as the study area to build a functional land classification system for ecological-production-living spaces. After the classification system was in place, spatial distribution maps for ecological, production and living spaces were delineated. This space mapping not only characterized the present land use situation, but also established a foundation for future land use optimization. Results showed that the area of ecological space was 78,440 km², production space 51,861 km² and living space 6,646 km², accounting for 57.28%, 37.87% and 4.85% of the total area, respectively. Ecological space takes up the most area and is composed mainly of forests and grasslands. Additionally, most of the ecological space is located in higher elevation mountainous areas, and plays an important role in regulating and maintaining ecological security. Production space, mostly farmlands sustaining livelihoods inside and outside the region, is largely situated in lower elevation plains and hilly areas, as well as in low-lying mountainous basins. Living space has the smallest area and is concentrated mainly in regions with relatively flat terrain and convenient transportation for human settlements.     

遥感技术在干热岩选区中的应用—以鲁东地区为例

当前,全球面临能源新技术的重大变革,发展清洁低碳能源成为新潮流。而干热岩作为一种清洁能源且具有巨大的开发潜力,更是受到了社会各界人士的广泛关注。就目前来说,干热岩的研究还处于起步阶段,在靶区确定上存在很大困难。文章通过Landsat8冬季的遥感影像数据,利用Envi5.3软件对其进行754波段假彩色合成,人工解译出线环形构造;采用大气校正法,结合当地气温,排除城镇建筑物的影响,反演出地表温度和利用遥感影像来提取羟基蚀变信息。并对解译结果进行分级。然后将研究区以30个市行政区为基本评价单元,利用已收集的山东省地热资料,航磁重力异常数据,结合专家打分法与层次分析法进行权重叠加,最后运用综合评价公式对评价单元打分,得分较高的即为干热岩开发适宜区。适宜区主要是日照市,较适宜区有招远市、栖霞市、诸城市、五莲县、莒南县、青岛市、即墨区,其他市区相比较不适宜。此次研究将对改善地方投资、带动地方资源利用发挥重要作用,对有效改善鲁东地区能源供应结构、促进经济社会可持续发展具有良好的社会效益。