日照市莒县南涧村滑坡地质灾害稳定性评价及治理方法

通过对日照市莒县南涧村滑坡体地质灾害的稳定性分析评价计算,探讨分析了该处地质灾害的特征及现状特点,并就南涧滑坡地质灾害的治理方案进行了初步分析探讨,为日照市滑坡地质灾害的防治提供了理论基础资料。     

“三层递进、五化合一”GIS人才培养模式的研究与实践

如何根据专业性质和地区特点,改革专业教学,开展工学结合,各高职院校一直在积极地探索和实践。本文在总结昆明冶金高等专科学校地理信息系统与地图制图技术专业改革成果的基础上,提出了"三层递进、五化合一"的高职人才培养模式。     

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)侵染对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)谷胱甘肽硫转移酶及其基因表达的影响

在鳗弧菌胁迫下测定了青蛤血清及肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)活力,利用SMART cDNA文库和高通量测序方法,筛选到青蛤σ型谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因(CsGSTS)的全长。采用荧光定量PCR法分析CsGSTS基因的表达过程。结果表明,青蛤的CsGSTS基因cDNA全长793bp,编码206个氨基酸,具典型的GST-N和GST-C结构域。血清中的GSTs活力在感染后6—24h显著升高(P<0.01),肝脏GSTs活力在6—12h显著下降(P<0.05),48—96h又明显上调(P<0.01);肝脏CsGSTS基因表达水平在胁迫后3—6h降低,24h显著升高,48h达到最大值,约为对照组的3倍。说明谷胱甘肽硫转移酶及其基因表达参与了青蛤的免疫应答反应。该研究为探索贝类的抗病害免疫机制提供了重要的实验数据。     

近3000a来东亚冬季风变化在南海北部陆架泥质区的记录

通过对位于南海北部陆架泥质区ZJ2孔进行AMS14C测试和粒度分析,从中提取出了对沉积环境敏感的粒度组分进行了研究,结果表明:该敏感组分的粒级含量和平均粒径变化主要受东亚冬季风的强弱变化制约。根据该粒度指标,发现近3 000a以来东亚冬季风存在8次增强的记录,与格陵兰冰芯的记录有着较好的一致性,且在其他不同区域亦能找到相对应的气候变化证据,揭示了全球气候变化的区域性响应。     

济南泉域重点地段可视化三维地质模型建立

为深化对济南泉域的认识,运用已有钻孔、地质图、地形图及剖面图等多源地质数据,通过对钻孔数据、地质边界、DEM数据、断层数据以及辅助数据等多源数据进行耦合,对剖面进行CAD设计以完善空间信息,建立了济南泉域钻孔模型、断层模型、层面模型,采用Horizons-to-solids方法实现了实体模型的重构,最终完成了济南保泉三维地质建模。该模型实现了空间信息全方位、一体化显示,刻画了地质对象之间复杂的空间关系,解决了地质空间数据的查询、分析、计算与管理,为济南保泉工作提供了有力的地质依据。     

Forest change of China in recent 300 years

Based on historical documents, modern survey and statistics, as well as the result of predecessor studies, the trend and main process of forest dynamics are recognized. The forest area and forest coverage rates for each province of China from 1700 to 1949 are es-timated backward by every 50 years. Linking the result with modern National Forest Inventory data, the spatial-temporal dynamics of Chinese forest in recent 300 years (AD 1700–1998) is quantitatively analyzed. The study shows that in recent 300 years, the forest area in current territory of China has declined by 0.95×108 hm2 (or 9.2% of the coverage rate) in total, with a trend of decrease and recovery. Before the 1960s, there was a trend of accelerated de-scending. The forest area was reduced by 1.66×108 hm2 (or 17% of the coverage rate) in 260 years. While after the 1960s, there has been a rapid increase. The forest area increased by 0.7×108 hm2 (or 8% of the coverage rate) in 40 years. The study also shows that there is a significant spatial difference in the dynamics of forest. The amplitudes of increasing and de-creasing in western China are both smaller than the ones in eastern China. During the rapid declining period from 1700 to 1949, the most serious decrease appeared in the Northeast, the Southwest and the Southeast, where the coverage rate in most provinces dropped over 20%. In Heilongjiang Province, the coverage rate dropped by 50%. In Jilin Province, it dropped by 36%. In Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality, it dropped by 42%. In Yunnan Prov-ince, it dropped by 35%. During the recovery period 1949–1998, the western provinces, mu-nicipality and autonomous regions, including Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Si-chuan–Chongqing, Yunnan, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, etc, the increase rates are all below 5%, while the eastern provinces, municipality and autonomous regions (except Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu–Shanghai) have achieved an increase over 5%, among which the Guang-dong–Hainan, Guangxi, Anhui, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, and Fu-jian have an increase over 10%.     

山东蒙阴三个金伯利岩带金刚石的矿物学特征与对比

山东蒙阴常马庄、西峪和坡里三个金伯利岩带的金刚石含矿性存在显著差异,而三个矿带金刚石的矿物学特征是否亦存在差异还不清楚.本文整理和统计前人研究的山东蒙阴10万余粒金刚石数据,发现三个金伯利岩带金刚石的晶体颜色、粒度、晶体形态及表面形貌和包裹体等具有明显不同的特征:①51484粒常马庄金刚石以淡黄色为主,其次为无色和浅黄...     

全球变化与人类活动的相互作用--我国下阶段全球变化研究工作的重点

全球环境变化与可持续发展是当今人类社会面临的两大重要挑战。IGBPⅡ在探索地球系统变化规律的同时,力图将全球变化与可持续发展更紧密地结合,为人类社会的可持续发展提供科学背景和依据。根据国际全球变化研究发展的动向与我国的具体情况,今后我国全球变化与人类活动相互作用研究的重点应放在那些兼备显著区域特色和国际影响力的重大科学问题上。其中值得着重解决的10个科学问题包括：水循环与水问题、人类活动与区域碳循环过程、季风亚洲的人类活动与气候集成、土地利用/土地覆盖变化与陆地生态系统变化、人类活动与大气气溶胶、边缘海及海陆过渡带与人类活动、全球变化的影响与适应性、过去环境变化与中华文明、建设全面小康社会与温室气体减排国际谈判的科学支持、全球变化与人类活动相互作用研究基础信息平台建设。     

Spatial distribution of luminous X-ray binaries in spiral galaxies

We have modelled the spatial distribution of luminous X-ray binaries (XRBs) in spiral galaxies that are like the Milky Way using an evolutionary population synthesis code. In agreement with previous theoretical expectations and observations, we find that both high- and low-mass XRBs show clear concentrations towards the galactic plane and bulge. We also compare XRB distributions under the galactic potential with a dark matter halo and the modified Newtonian dynamics potential, and we suggest that the difference may serve as potential evidence to discriminate between these two types of model.     

南海北部表层沉积物碳酸盐含量和δ18O及δ13C的空间与粒径分布特征及其控制因素

为深入研究南海北部表层沉积物中碳酸盐的来源及其控制因素,采用湿筛法,对南海北部珠江口、陆架、陆坡及海盆表层沉积物中碳酸盐的含量、δ18O和δ13C及其粒度分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,南海北部表层沉积物中的碳酸盐可能主要以海洋自生碳酸盐为主,其含量在空间上以陆坡显著高于海盆、陆架及珠江口为特征。粒度上,陆架(水深80 m)和浅陆坡(水深550 m)处碳酸盐的粒度分布相对平均,但在珠江口及730 m以深,76.9%~84.5%的碳酸盐分布于小于32 μm的粒级中。另外,珠江口和陆架与陆坡和海盆碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C的空间及粒度分布特征显著不同。珠江口陆架区,在空间上从珠江口向陆架,全样碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C由轻变重。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒径的增大而变重,并且δ18O和δ13C之间正相关,主要受珠江淡水的δ18O及其δ13C_DIC控制。陆坡海盆区,空间上,从陆坡向海盆,δ18O略有变轻,δ13C基本不变。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒度的增大没有明显的变化趋势,并且δ18O与δ13C之间不相关或负相关。其δ18O可能主要受表层海水的温度控制,其δ13C可能主要受海水δ13C_DIC控制。