大邑地区须二段物源及沉积相探讨

大邑地区须二段沉积时期物源体系较四川盆地其他地区简单,且川西南地区须家河组沉积厚度也较盆地其他地区薄。针对现有研究成果有关物源方向存在众多争议的现状,本文从区域沉积背景分析、须家河组野外露头岩性组合特征识别、钻井岩心精细描述、测井相分析、地震反射特征、岩石矿物成分变化等方面入手,认为:①大邑地区及周边区块物源主要来自于盆地西南方,物源区可能为康滇古陆及其周边的古隆起;②研究区须二段处于辫状三角洲前缘环境,有利的储集砂体类型为水下分流河道及河口坝;③受沉积物供应、构造升降运动、以及分流河道频繁迁移的影响,在构造西南翼主要发育水下分流河道,构造主体部位为水下分流河道与河口坝砂体叠置区;④纵向上,两种成因类型的砂体反复叠置,形成了须二段上部连续发育且厚度巨大的砂岩。通过对大邑地区须二段物源及沉积体系的研究,进一步深化了对气藏砂体展布的认识,对今后该区块进一步的勘探具有一定的参考作用。     

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿区钻探施工难点及对策

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿区位于塔里木板块中西部,横跨2个二级构造单元,同时又处于东阿赖金锑多金属成矿带内。构造较发育,岩石蚀变较强。矿区海拔高,气候条件恶劣,山高路陡,施工用水困难。针对矿区施工中遇到的岩石破碎、取心困难,钻孔易偏斜,供水困难,气候条件恶劣等难点,总结介绍了具体的针对性技术措施。     

GeoMUST技术及其在提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率中的应用

地震勘探方法中的信噪比和分辨率是矛盾的对立统一体,常规地震资料处理流程很难在提高信噪比的同时提高分辨率,本文基于中国近海某工区数据,提出一种新的处理技术,在地质导向下采用多种方法将提高信噪比和提高分辨率分开进行处理,在处理的过程中互不干扰;再采用最优加权叠加技术将多处理流程得到的各自结果叠加起来,该技术简称为GeoMUST技术。合成记录处理试算和实际资料处理结果表明该技术可以兼顾信噪比和分辨率以及保真度。     

Spatiotemporal variations and abrupt changes of potential evapotranspiration and its sensitivity to key meteorological variables in the Wei River basin,China

Evapotranspiration is an important component of hydrological cycle and a key input to hydrological models. Therefore, analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) will help a better understanding of climate change and its effect on hydrological cycle and water resources. In this study, the Penman–Monteith method was used to estimate PET in the Wei River basin (WRB) in China based on daily data at 21 meteorological stations during 1959–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of annual and seasonal PET were analysed by using the Spline interpolation method and the Mann–Kendall test method. Abrupt changes were detected by using the Pettitt test method. In order to explore the contribution of key meteorological variables to the variation of PET, the sensitivity coefficients method was employed in this study. The results showed that: (1) mean annual and seasonal PET in the WRB was generally decreasing from northeast to southwest. Summer and spring made the major contributions to the annual values; (2) annual and seasonal PET series in most part of the WRB exhibited increasing trends; (3) abrupt changes appeared in 1993 for annual and spring PET series for the entire basin, while summer value series was detected in the late 1970s. (4) Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable for PET in general for the WRB, followed by wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation. In the headwater and outlet of the WRB, relative humidity and air temperature were the most sensitive variables to PET, while relative humidity and wind speed were more influential in most part of the middle‐lower region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Multi‐residue Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls,Organochlorine, and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Aqueous Sample

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME‐SFO) technique was successfully applied for simultaneous assay of eight polychlorinated biphenyls, two organochlorine, and four pyrethroid pesticides multi‐residue in aqueous samples by using GC‐electron capture detection. The effects of various parameters such as kind of extractant and dispersant and volume of them, extraction time, effect of salt addition, and pH were optimized. As a result, 5.0 µL 1‐dodecanol was chosen as extraction solvent, 600 µL methanol were used as dispersive solvent without salt addition, pH was adjusted to 7. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were ranged from 1.4 to 8.3 ng L^?1. Satisfactory linear range was observed from 5.0 to 2000 ng L^?1 with correlation coefficient better than 0.9909. Good precisions were also acquired with RSD better than 13.6% for all target analytes. The enrichment factors of the method were ranged from 786 to 1427. The method can be successfully applied to simultaneous separation and determination of three class residues in real water samples and good recoveries were obtained ranging from 76 to 130, 73 to 129, and 78 to 130% for tap water, lake water, and industrial waste water, respectively.     

水资源管理决策支持系统研究进展与展望

从框架、 技术等方面介绍了水资源管理决策支持系统发展状态, 总结了水资源管理决策支持系统的3个发展阶段: 模型模拟阶段、 模型模拟+DSS(DSS: Decision Support System)阶段、 情景分析+集成建模环境+DSS工具阶段, 阐述了这3个发展阶段各自的特点, 剖析了制约水资源管理决策支持系统的发展因素, 讨论了建立一个成功的水资源管理决策支持系统应具备的条件和采用的方式. 最后, 提出了集成综合观测系统、 集成建模环境和联机协商环境的水资源管理决策支持系统框架.     

边坡岩体抗剪强度参数的非线性确定方法

影响工程岩体抗剪强度参数的因素很复杂,建立定量与定性相结合的多指标综合模型可有效地确定岩体抗剪强度。将多元非线性统计方法引入到岩体抗剪强度指标的研究中,选取了12个影响岩体抗剪强度的定性、定量指标,通过收集到的大量工程数据,分别建立凝聚力和内摩擦角非线性显式方程,决定系数分别为0.992 729,0.999 998。该方法可考虑定量、定性因素的影响,经现场实测数据验证,该模型具有较高的计算精度。运算过程简单,可方便工程现场使用,具有较高的工程实用价值。     

火灾作用下隧道衬砌结构变形理论分析模型

火灾作用下衬砌材料力学性能的劣化会引起隧道结构的损伤,变形量的增大,危害隧道运营安全。基于几何和材料非线性理论,综合考虑火灾作用下衬砌结构中温度的非线性分布,材料力学性能的高温劣化及热膨胀等因素的影响,提出用于描述火灾作用下隧道衬砌结构变形行为的理论分析模型。在此基础上,给出半圆形隧道在火灾作用下截面转角及径向变形的解析解,分析火灾持续时间对衬砌变形行为的影响规律,可为隧道结构防火设计及灾后评估提供理论依据。     

空间与经济地理学理论构建

空间是地理学的核心概念之一,长期以来在地理学的研究中占据核心地位。地理学对于空间的认识由于受到多学科的影响和启示也在不断演变和发展,其中哲学和社会学对空间的理解对地理科学的影响极为深刻。经济地理学作为地理学的重要分支学科之一,短短百年历史就经历了数次研究思潮的变迁和学科地位的崛起。这一切都离不开经济地理扎根于空间。空间是经济地理理论创新的源泉。本文通过对地理学中的空间概念与经济地理发展脉络的对应阐释,进一步印证了上述观点。同时,本文指出空间不能被沦落到和地方、区位、区域等概念并列的地位,空间包含着后者,须进一步强化空间的第一位性。但是也不能忽略经济地理学中的方法论的创新,每一次空间理解的突破都伴随着研究方法的创新,但是方法的创新始终是第二位的。因为方法创新的背后隐含着空间理解的改变。     

基于ESDA方法与空间计量模型的旅游影响因素分析

通过探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）发现,中国省域之间的旅游发展存在明显的空间自相关性,在空间分布上呈现聚集状态。进一步建立空间计量经济学模型进行实证研究,空间滞后模型的极大似然估计结果表明,旅游总收入模型和国内收入模型的参数ρ显著为正,说明邻近区域之间旅游收入空间联系十分密切,且国内旅游的溢出效应大于总体旅游的溢出效应。经济发展水平是总体旅游、国内旅游和入境旅游发展的重要影响因素。旅游上层设施、人力资源、旅游基础设施在统计上十分显著,是总体旅游和国内旅游发展的重要影响因素。入境旅游模型则整体拟合较差。