Distribution Characteristics of Pollutants and Their Mutual Influence in Highway Runoff

Many environmental pollution issues from highway runoff increasingly become a serious concern, which has been revealed by many previous studies. However, very less information is available on the distribution characteristics of pollutants and their mutual influence in highway runoff. In this paper, the partitioning of pollutant and particle size distribution were investigated based on the initial road runoff of 47 rainfall events from July 2007 to May 2009 on the Lukou section of the Nanjing Airport Expressway, China. This study is emphasizing on the analysis of the mutual impact of pollutant distribution and the relationship between particle size and pollutant distribution. The impact of rainfall characteristics, water temperature, and pH values in runoff samples on the pollutant distribution was also studied. Result shows that partitioning of different pollutants was varying significantly. Volume of particles in different sizes was different, with the highest volume of particles of 21–75 µm size. The distribution of COD highly affected the distribution of TN, and somewhat promoted the distribution of Pb in particles. TP, Pb, and Cd promoted distribution of each other's in particles. There was better competition among Zn, Cu, and Cd, when heavy metals combined with particles. The particles ranged between 21 and 75 µm size had an obvious impact on the distribution of COD, Pb, and TN in the particulate matter. TP in the particulate matter mainly distributed in particles ranged in 151–300 µm size. Rainfall duration significantly affected the Pb in particulate matter. The distribution of Zn in the particulate matter mostly was affected by pH values.     

Changes in hydrology and sediment delivery of the Mekong River in the last 50 years: connection to damming,monsoon, and ENSO

As the population and economy boom, more and more dams are being built in the Mekong River basin. Previous studies have revealed that Manwan Dam had little influence on the runoff–SSC (suspended sediment concentration) relationship, and the sediment load was relatively stable over the past 40 years. However, little is known at present on the relationship among monsoons, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), precipitation, runoff, and the impact of dams on the delta dynamics. A comprehensive hydropower GIS database covering the entire Mekong basin is presented in this study. Mann–Kendall trend analysis showed no significant change in precipitation and runoff over the past 50 years. Spectral analysis showed that the runoffs of the middle to lower reach of Mekong River are correlated with the Indian Monsoon, where as the East Asian Monsoon's influence is mainly on the lower reach. With another 200 new dams to be added to the basin in the next couple of decades, changes are expected in both hydrological regime and delta dynamics. On one hand, the runoff showed a closer connection with the regional precipitation and ENSO in the post‐dam period (1993–2005) than in the pre‐dam period (1950–1993). Such a relationship is expected to be even closer when more dams are completed. On the other hand, both daily maximum and minimum water levels on the delta plain have shown an abrupt drop since the end of 1994. This reduced water‐level gradient between the river and sea inevitably weakens the sediment discharge to the coast, which might intensify the ongoing coastal erosion on the eastern part of the delta plain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南马厂箐铜多金属矿床的成岩成矿时代及成矿动力学背景

云南马厂箐铜多金属矿床是西南三江成矿带上著名的与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的典型矿床。与铜、钼、金等多金属成矿关系密切的马厂箐富碱斑岩为一复式岩体,存在多期次岩浆侵入活动,早期岩浆活动始于54～56 Ma,中期岩浆活动时间为45～49 Ma,晚期岩浆活动最强烈,发生在29～37 Ma,末期岩浆活动时间为23～25 Ma。采用辉钼矿Re-Os测年法,对马厂箐矿床的斑岩型铜钼矿石进行了精确测年,获得斑岩型铜钼矿石Re-Os模式年龄（35.3±0.7）Ma。利用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar同位素方法对乱硐山地段矽卡岩型铜钼矿石和人头箐地段蚀变岩型金矿石中热液白云母进行同位素定年,得到矽卡岩化矿石中白云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄为（35.25±0.36） Ma,等时线年龄和反等时线年龄分别为（35.0±1.8） Ma和（34.8±1.9） Ma;蚀变岩型金矿石中白云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄为（35.35±0.32） Ma,等时线年龄和反等时线年龄分别为（34.44±0.99） Ma和（34.4±1.2） Ma。证明马厂箐斑岩型铜、钼、金多金属矿形成于同一成岩成矿地质事件,成矿作用主要与矿区晚期富碱岩浆活动关系密切,其形成的地球动力学背景应处于印度大陆与欧亚大陆发生碰撞造山之后的晚碰撞走滑阶段,总体上属于西南三江地区第一次成矿高峰期,即斑岩型Cu-Au成矿高峰期（65～35 Ma）。     

实验室合成石盐包裹体的均一温度以及古气候意义

石盐是表生环境下形成蒸发岩系的主要矿物,在形成过程中捕获大量的原生包裹体。通过低温冷冻测温技术,可以得到石盐中原生包裹体的一系列均一温度,如何正确理解这些数据是应用石盐原生包裹体恢复古气候的关键。石盐沉积可以发生在气水界面以及水体底部,其均一温度记录了卤水结晶的温度。Lowenstein et al. (1998) 曾经用水浴法在恒定水温下合成了人工合成石盐,进行原生包裹体的均一温度研究,然而如何用水温来恢复古气温是古环境解释的关键。本次实验通过40℃下(气温,烘箱中蒸发)人工合成石盐,在岩相学观察基础上,对形成于气水界面漏斗晶中的包裹体和在底水沉积人字晶中的包裹体的均一温度进行低温冷冻测温法测定。测温过程中石盐包裹体可以得到一系列均一温度(10.6~39.9℃),而只有最大均一温度才能反映卤水结晶时的温度,两种类型的包裹体也显示了相似的最大均一温度。因此在浅水环境下,两种包裹体都可以用来反映古气温。     

基于SOBEK的黄河口一维水力学模型适用性研究

基于黄河口生态环境需水及其配置研究的需要,以平水年洪水过程资料为基础,在黄河下游河口段建立了一维河流数学模型,对年度内及年际间的流量水位过程进行模拟,研究模型的适用性。结果表明,模型在冬季冰冻期内的适用性较低,主要原因为冬季冰封期使模型运用条件发生改变,模拟结果出现误差;去除冰封时段后,模型适用性得到恢复,满足河段的年内应用;而年际间模拟结果表明,河床高程变动是影响模型精度的主要原因,在充分考虑河床的冲淤变化后,经适当校正,模型在河口段仍具有较高的适用性。     

湘南千里山—骑田岭矿集区黄沙坪型铅锌矿地气异常特征及找矿意义

本文介绍了地气测量的原理和装置.根据黄沙坪—廖家湾剖面开展地气测量获取的37种元素数据,应用聚类分析总结归纳了黄沙坪及骑田岭地区地气异常特征,并结合该区域Eu异常情况,对获取的地气异常进行了分析判断.本文的工作不仅为黄沙坪—廖家湾剖面控制区域进一步找矿提供了新的找矿靶区,也为相邻区域应用地气测量寻找深部隐伏矿床提供了科...     

高密度电阻率法在城市地下目的物探测中的应用

城市地下目的物的无损探测一直是城市建设中的重要课题.从地下管渠、防空洞、地下构筑物等方面的探测实例出发,全面阐述高密度电阻率法在城市地下目的物探测中的应用效果,说明采用高密度电阻率法对城市地下目的物的探测是有明显效果的,其图像特征与实际目的物的形态相近,成果直观且有效.     

内蒙古自治区苏尼特右旗毕力赫金矿田构造系统及其控矿规律

毕力赫金矿田受晚古生代古亚洲地球动力学体系控制.矿田整体位于早期近东西向和北东向断裂围限形成的古破火山口范围内,控制矿床(体)产出的主要构造单元包括断裂构造、火山机构以及岩浆侵入接触构造系统.断裂构造呈近东西、北东和北西向,其中北东、北西向断裂及其交汇部位控制了火山活动中心、次火山岩及相关矿体的分布,空间上形成“结点”...     

催化极谱法测定矿石中微量铼方法改进

采用2.5次微分催化极谱法,在硫酸—硫酸羟胺—硫酸钠—抗坏血酸—碲(Ⅳ)混合底液中,在国产JP3-1型极谱仪上,于起始电位-0.700伏,终止电位-1.200伏,测定矿石中微量铼。铼浓度在0—15μg/25m l可保持线性关系,且灵敏度高,重现性好,完全满足钼矿、辉钼矿中,以及其他矿物中微量铼的测定。     

高密度电法在高速公路病害边坡中的应用

近几年,随着我国对山区高速公路建设的投入,对高危病害边坡的研究显得日益重要.众所周知,山区地形地貌一般起伏较大,地质条件相对复杂,且易发育滑坡、崩塌堆积、岩溶塌陷等地质灾害.高效准确地查明这些地质灾害的空间分布特征,对指导地质灾害治理方案设计和安全施工意义重大.以贵州省某高速公路的滑坡勘察应用为实例,介绍高密度电法在边...