池塘养殖和海上吊笼养殖仿刺参肠道菌群结构对比分析

实验采用平板分离及16S r DNA序列分析法研究池塘养殖和海上吊笼养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的前肠、中肠和后肠菌群结构并进行对比分析.结果显示,从海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的240株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和34个种.从池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内分离鉴定的211株菌株分属于3个门、11个属和49个种.两种养殖模式仿刺参肠道菌群结构存在较大差异,且同一仿刺参肠道各部分之间的菌群结构也存在较大的差异.海上养殖仿刺参的肠道优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、Formosa属、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella),池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道内优势菌群为弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus).两个菌群共有菌株有7个种,存在于在不同的肠道部位.两种养殖模式比较发现池塘养殖仿刺参的肠道菌群的丰富度大于海上吊笼养殖的仿刺参,且池塘养殖仿刺参肠道内芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等益生菌的占比较高,海上吊笼养殖仿刺参分离得到较多的弧菌属(Vibrio)细菌.本研究可为南方仿刺参人工养殖中潜在益生菌的筛选提供基础资料.     

Tide-induced Lagrangian residual velocity and dynamic analysis based on field observations in the inner Xiangshan Bay,China

In the Xiangshan Bay at the east coast of China, coastal marine pollution is conspicuous and severe in recent years. As transport of the pollutants is closely related to the coastal circulation, there is a great practical significance to investigate the circulation in this area. In this work, the surface pattern and vertical profiles of Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) were studied based on field observation data from the inner Xiangshan Bay. By tracking GPS-GPRS drifters’ trajectories, the surface LRV pattern is going out in the central deep trough and flowing inwards near the shoreside. Combined with data from two mooring stations, vertical profiles of LRV is flowing out at surface and flowing in at the bottom, consistent with the gravitational circulation induced by baroclinic effects at the estuary. However, according to the diagnostic analysis, the main mechanism driving the residual current is barotropic rather than baroclinic. The LRV equation is controlled by the tidally-averaged barotropic pressure gradient force, tidal body force and tidally-averaged turbulent stress, while the tidally-averaged baroclinic pressure gradient force is one order of magnitude less than other forces. Additionally, the tidally mean eddy viscosity coefficient which is used in the expression of tidally-averaged turbulent stress might be not adequate and requires further studies.     

雅浦-马里亚纳海沟附近海域的精细地貌特征研究

利用西太平洋地区的雅浦-马里亚纳海沟附近海域的多波束水深数据,获得了9.8°N—13.2°N、132.2°E—145°E矩形区域内的高精度水深地形图。通过对精细地貌进行研究发现,马里亚纳海沟南部的洋坡上发育有大范围的地垒、地堑型地貌,雅浦海沟北部存在明显的分段性特征,菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆内存在不同展布方向的大规模脊-槽地貌。研究结果表明此处复杂的地形地貌特征主要受板块运动的控制。最后结合已有研究成果,对该区域的地形地貌进行了分类。     

徐州市水土流失时空变化研究

本文以3S技术为支撑,在修正水土流失方程（RUSLE）的基础上,针对徐州黄泛平原-丘陵地带的特殊地形地貌、对2000年以来徐州市水土流失时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：2000-2014年徐州市土壤侵蚀等级以微度为主,微度侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积多年平均达到76.34%;中度侵蚀次之,所占比例在10%~17%间;剧烈侵蚀所占比例最少。轻度及以上土壤侵蚀等级主要发生在中部微山湖下游、京杭大运河一带的丘陵岗地地区、主城区与故黄河北岸的黄泛平原地区,以及丰县、新沂、邳州的局部区域;土壤侵蚀存在一定程度年际变化特征,睢宁、丰县、邳州的部分地区侵蚀面积年际变化较为明显,土壤侵蚀总面积整体上呈现下降趋势。     

基于航海应用的海图数据库比例尺分级研究

介绍了我国海图生产现状及基于数据库的海图制图技术,针对以航海图生产为主要目的的海图数据库建设中的比例尺分级问题,依据统一的样本海图选择原则,计算海部要素载负量,计算结果表明,海图载负量数值受地形、人为等因素影响大。定义一个全水深的理想海部区域,通过确定水深注记间距和载负量之间的关系、参考现有海图水深注记最小间距值和航海应用对海图比例尺分级的需求等因素,最终确定了海图数据库比例尺分级方案。     

Analytical method of radiation by a wave energy device with dual rectangular floating bodies

The system with one floating rectangular body on the free surface and one submerged rectangular body has been applied to a wave energy conversion device in water of finite depth. The radiation problem by this device on a plane incident wave is solved by the use of an eigenfunction expansion method, and a new analytical expression for the radiation velocity potential is obtained. The wave excitation force is calculated via the known incident wave potential and the radiation potential with a theorem of Haskind employed. To verify the correctness of this method, an example is computed respectively through the bound element method and analytical method. Results show that two numerical methods. are in good agreement, which shows that the present method is applicable. In addition, the trends of hydrodynamic coefficients and wave force are analyzed under different conditions by use of the present analytical method.     

公平与效率导向下农村公共医疗资源的空间优化研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例

公共服务资源的空间配置问题一直存在效率与公平价值导向的博弈,空间综合人文社科的兴起,使其演化成一个空间优化问题。医疗资源空间配置的规划注重决策连续性,据此提出改进空间可达性的两步优化法。在农村地区资源有限的情况下,以空间可达性为主要指标,建立公平与效率导向下的二次规划模型,通过重新选址和设定规模以保证居民获得就医机会的最大公平和效率,并以湖北省仙桃市为案例进行应用研究。结果表明,新选地址和规模优化结果能使仙桃市医疗资源空间配置的公平性和效率性得到显著提高,2个步骤相结合,使其成为真正的混合优化模型,达到效率和公平平衡的双重目标。     

Comparisons of several evaporation/precipitation datasets for the Bohai Sea based on salinity simulation

Evaporation (E) rate and precipitation (P) rate are two significant meteorological elements required in the ocean baroclinic modeling as external forcings. However, there are some uncertainties in the currently used E/P rates datasets, especially in terms of the data quality. In this study, we collected E/P rates data from ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, HOAPS for the Bohai Sea and nine routine stations around Laizhou Bay, and made comparisons among them. It was found that the differences in E/P rates between land and sea are remarkable, which was due to the difference in underlying surfaces. Therefore, the traditional way of using E/P rates acquired on land directly at sea is not correct. Since no final conclusion has been reached concerning the net water transport between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, it is unfeasible to judge the adequacy of the four kinds of data by using the water budget equation. However, the E/P rates at ERA-40 sea points were considered to be the optimal in terms of temporal/spatial coverage and resolution for the hindcast of salinity variation in the Bohai Sea. Besides, using the 3-D hydrodynamic model HAMSOM (HAMburg Shelf Ocean Model), we performed numerical experiments with different E/P datasets and found that the E/P rates at sea points from ERA-40 dataset are better than those from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataset. If NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis E/P rates are to be used, they need to be adjusted and tested prior to simulation so that more close-to-reality salinity values can be reproduced.     

强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium carterae Hulburt)毒素的溶血活性研究

以实验室单种培养的强壮前沟藻为对象,研究了强壮前沟藻毒素的来源,分析了藻毒素浓度与溶血活性的相关性,研究了理化因子对藻毒素溶血活性的影响。结果表明,溶血活性随着强壮前沟藻细胞的增殖呈上升的趋势,细胞内容物和细胞碎片的溶血活性显著高于去藻过滤液,强壮前沟藻毒素主要来源于衰亡期的细胞内容物和细胞碎片,并存在浓度相关的溶血性。强壮前沟藻毒素的溶血活性不存在光敏感性。随着pH的上升,毒素溶血活性呈降低趋势。Ca2+、Mn2+、Cu2+抑制了强壮前沟藻毒素溶血活性,而Co2+、Zn2+显著的增强了溶血活性,Mg2+对其溶血活性的影响不显著。EDTA对强壮前沟藻毒素的溶血活性有显著的促进作用。     

A Lagrangian mean theory on coastal sea circulation with inter-tidal transports Ⅱ. Numerical Experiments

The results of the new concept of coastal sea circulation are demonstrated by numerical simulations for the first time. The numerical experiments in three types of rectangular model seas illustrate the dependence of circulation on tidal phases due to the convectively nonlinear effect which is estimated by a newly defined drift dispersion in-dex. Then, the present theory is applied in the Bohai Sea of China. At the Bohai Straits and the Huanghe River mouth area the circulation direction even reverses owing to different initial tidal phases which shows that the the-ory copes with nonlinearity well. The calculated M2 tide-induced residual circulation shows that a clockwise gyre exists in the center of an anticlockwise gyre in the central Bohai Sea due to the topographic features. In the Bo-hai Gulf the tide induced circulation shows a 3D structure with outflow at the surface and the inflow at the bottom which can partly explains the spread of the Huanghe River fresh water out of the Bohai Gulf and the inflow of the sediment from the Huanghe River.