油罐区砖砌防火堤的抗震验算

介绍了油罐区砖砌防火堤的抗震验算基本原理和方法,并按照验算方法实现其通用化计算。防火堤主要受到4种荷载作用,即自重惯性力及其引起的弯矩、堤内静液压力及其引起的弯矩、堤内动液压力及其引起的弯矩、自重引起的垂直力。按不同烈度要求计算得到4种荷载作用校核堤的截面抗力和地基强度。通过两个算例检验该方法在抗震鉴定中的应用。两个防火堤典型断面的截面强度、抗滑动及抗倾覆稳定性、地基强度验算结果分别符合抗震设防7度和8度要求。防火堤作为备用体系,其抗震验算程序的通用性具有实用意义。     

基于灰色预测法的超市选址模型研究

超市的选址是企业战略决策的重要内容之一,影响超市选址的各种因子错综复杂,无法进行精确的定量分析。文中对影响超市选址的各种因子建立二级选址指标体系,进行权重分析,同时结合选址因子结构关系模糊、动态变化随机、浮动范围不确定等灰色特性,采用灰色预测法建立超市选址模型,并利用缓冲区分析、叠置分析等GIS空间分析方法,基于Supermapobjects组件进行了二次开发实验。     

基于新陈代谢灰色模型的实时GPS卫星钟差预报研究

实时GPS卫星钟差的可靠性预报是GPS实现实时精密单点定位的关键技术之一。传统的GM(1,1)模型不能及时更新新息数据,致使计算结果精度较差。本文首先介绍了常用的几个钟差模型,并利用新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,与常用的二次多项式模型进行了对比。通过自编程序,依据某一IGS跟踪站实测的精密卫星星历数据,进行了实时的GPS卫星钟差预报,并与IGS事后精密钟差进行了比较。实验结果表明,基于该新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型估计的卫星钟差与IGS发布的最终精密钟差具有较好的有效性和一致性,这为实时GPS动态精密单点定位提供较高精度的卫星钟差产品。     

面向土地利用分类的多源遥感数据混合贝叶斯网络分类器

传统的离散型贝叶斯网络分类器是将所有变量视为离散变量,或对连续变量做离散化处理.可是离散化不可避免地存在信息损失,且在多源遥感数据的处理和分析中,连续变量的离散化会导致搜索空间的急剧增加和计算及存储量的极大开销.针对这些问题,开发了一种面向土地利用分类的多源遥感数据混合贝叶斯网络分类器,该分类器首先对问题领域的所有变量...     

利用FY-3C气象卫星GNSS掩星估计全球重力波变化与分析

大气重力波是地球大气层中广泛存在的重要大气动力学扰动,研究其分布和变化规律对理解大气物理、大气结构以及大气动力学等具有重要意义.传统大气重力波探测手段,如雷达和探空气球等,均存在探测时间短、有效探测高度低等缺点,全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）掩星观测具有全天候、低成本、高精度等优点,被广泛应用于地球大气探测和研究,为研究区域或全球重力波变化和活动特征提供了新的观测手段.本文利用中国第一颗搭载GNSS掩星设备气象卫星——风云3C （FY-3C）获得的掩星数据,反演得到2014年8月—2016年12月大气温度轮廓线,并首次估计重力波参数分布,分析了重力波参数的时空变化分布特征.结果表明,海陆季节性对流导致冬夏两季的重力波势能强于春秋两季,赤道对流作用导致赤道区域重力波强于两极,夏季南半球中低纬度地区重力波活动频繁,冬季北半球中低纬度区域重力波活动频繁.重力波随着高度的上升,势能逐渐下降.另外,地形是低层大气重力波的主要来源.     

中国近海沉积物氮和有机碳标准物质的研制

我国海洋沉积物的研究近几年发展较快,但是缺少有定值的氮、有机碳标准物质。本文针对及其匮乏的氮、有机碳国家二级标准物质进行了我国近海沉积物总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)、总有机碳(TOC)含量的分析标准参考物质的研制。研究样品采自"我国近海海洋综合调查与评价"专项提供的表层沉积物,经过冷冻干燥、研磨至74μm,使用元素分析仪和氧化热解-气相色谱法分析总氮和总碳的含量;使用元素分析仪和氧化热解-电位法分析总有机碳的含量,制备了一系列16个有定值的总氮、总碳、总有机碳含量的近海沉积物标准物质。样品在均匀性检验中,F的实测值小于临界值,相对偏差较小,样品的均匀性较好。在稳定性检验方面,两年内多次测定的分析结果无方向性变化,统计计算结果显示稳定性良好。本文研制的这16个近海沉积物标准物质在3家实验室进行了联合定值,按照ISO导则35和国家一级标准物质研制规范,给出了该系列标准物质总氮、总碳、总有机碳含量的标准值和不确定度。这批标准物质分为不同海区,不同海区的标准物质又分为不同的沉积物类型,研制的不同海区不同沉积物类型的标准物质对现有的海洋沉积物标准物质进行了有效的补充。     

长江、黄河大洪水前期地球系统演变的分析

通过分析江、淮、黄、海四大洪共１４个大洪水年的前期地震场特征,发现大洪水前在青藏高原东南地区、亚欧中纬地带和台湾以东洋面三处的有强地震发生,若强震出现在中印缅热点则对应着江淮大小;强震出现在川青甘地区则对应着黄海河大水。引发大水的直接原因是本地区地热涡的强烈发展,它因刚好位于数组”同向等距地热涡族”的相交点上,交相干共振的结果,文中详细分析了１９５４和１９８２年两个个例。最后分析了“中印缅热点”的     

太湖地区农业源污染核算研究进展

太湖地区水体污染严重,控制太湖污染、改善太湖水质,对发挥太湖的综合服务功能,促进全流域经济可持续发展和社会稳定具有重要的战略意义.充分把握和核算太湖地区农业源污染排放量、入河量及其时空分布是落实太湖地区污染物科学减排从而进一步改善太湖水质的基础.本研究总结和概述了太湖地区农业源污染现有的核算方法、产排污参数、控制途径等,结合太湖地区农业源污染构成、排放与布局的复杂情况,提出综合运用各种核算研究方法,充分考虑各污染来源,确定农业源污染的产污量、排污量和入河量,并通过建立分期、分区、细分类型的农业源污染排放、入河参数,为科学确定农业源污染减排指标以及制定减排措施提供依据.     

微囊藻群体总RNA提取方法的比较

微囊藻群体富含多糖类物质是影响微囊藻RNA提取的关键因素.为了获得高质量的微囊藻群体总RNA,对比分析4种针对多糖含量较高的方法——方法 1 PGTX-bead法、方法 2 CTAB-bead法、方法 3 Fast RNAPro Blue Kit和方法 4RNeasy Mini Kit对微囊藻群体总RNA的提取效果.采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测微囊藻群体RNA的完整性,Nanodrop ND1000分光光度计检测RNA纯度及浓度,并采用q PCR检测DNA污染情况.结果表明,4种方法都能从微囊藻群体中提取获得RNA,并在去除DNA后都可以进行RT-PCR等后续实验.方法 1 PGTX-bead提取的RNA产量最高,纯度好,DNA污染小,成本低,适合从微囊藻群体中大量提取RNA;方法 2 CTAB-bead提取的RNA样品产量也较高,但DNA污染严重,适合需要同时提取DNA和RNA的样本;方法 3 Fast RNAPro Blue Kit和方法 4 RNeasy Mini Kit提取的RNA产量都较低,但方法 4操作简单,耗时短,所检测目的基因的相对表达量较高,更适合从少量的微囊藻群体中提取总RNA.     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.