Three-dimensional mesoscale eddy identification and tracking algorithm based on pressure anomalies

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The Kuroshio Extension (KE) is one of the most eddy-energetic regions in the global ocean. However, most mesoscale eddy studies in the region are focused on...     

新疆呼图壁地下储气库的InSAR形变监测与模拟

利用TerraSAR-X卫星2013-08~2014-08的17景雷达影像,采用小基线集（small baseline subset,SBAS）InSAR技术获取呼图壁(HTB)地下储气库（underground gas storage,UGS）运行期间的地表形变序列,并结合UGS注（采）气井口的压力数据,采用多点源Mogi模型,对HTB UGS的形变场进行模拟。结果表明,整个UGS区域的形变特征为非连续分布,形变与注（采）气压力变化具有较好的相关性;注（采）气期间沿卫星视线向(LOS)的形变峰值分别为10 mm和-8 mm;采用自适应前向搜索法,基于多点源Mogi模型初步模拟注（采）气期间的形变过程,当UGS的注（采）气平均气压为18 MPa和15 MPa时,LOS的形变可达7 mm和-4 mm,地表形变的大小与注（采）气井口密度有关;UGS的储气分布呈非均匀状态,即地下气库结构复杂多变。     

中国区域高空三种气温、湿度资料交叉对比

本文对比分析了2011—2013年中国区域L波段探空气温、湿度廓线,COSMIC掩星气温、湿度廓线和ERA-Interim再分析资料的气温、湿度廓线之间的差异。对比显示,从时间变化来看,三者之间有很好的正线性相关关系。除10 hPa以上的少数层次外,三种气温资料之间互相吻合较好,彼此偏差范围在±0.4℃之间,偏差标准差在1~2℃,对流层中高层,L波段探空气温受太阳辐射影响较大,气温偏高,与COSMIC相比,L波段探空偏高最高可达到0.64℃。而对于相对湿度,三种数据存在明显差异。对流层中低层到对流层顶L波段探空存在不同程度的偏干,且有较明显的昼夜、季节和区域差异:白天、春夏季和南方潮湿气候区域偏干更明显。一般来说,在对流层顶附近区域,L波段探空相对湿度偏干较明显,200 hPa附近及以上L波段探空相对湿度转为偏湿。在对流层顶以下,L波段探空与COSMIC掩星、ERA-Interim再分析相对湿度具有明显的正相关,对流层顶以上表现为负相关。     

张家沟滑坡治理工程及数值模拟

以青川张家沟滑坡为例,结合其工程地质条件和变形破坏特征,详细分析了其变形破坏原因和稳定性,提出了相应的治理工程措施,并运用FLAC^3D软件对滑坡治理前后进行数值模拟。结果表明：滑坡的形态特征、岩土体松散的结构特征是滑坡失稳的先决条件,而降雨引起的地质环境的改变是滑坡失稳的诱发因素,桩板墙+截排水工程为主的治理措施有效地控制了滑坡的进一步变形,确保了滑坡的稳定,数值模拟结果与滑坡的实际变形和治理效果相吻合。     

Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model (RegCM_NCC). Part Ⅰ: Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.     

地形对大地电磁测深(MTS)资料的影响

地形影响是山区ＭＴＳ工作的主要问题之一，对此做了理论分析并用均匀半空间表面二维地形模型进行了数值模拟。结果表明，地形影响不仅与ＭＴＳ资料的种类、极化模式、场源电磁波周期及测点位置有关，而且还依赖于不同的地形形态和尺度。此外，还根据悬崖模型计算，给出了关于地形影响范围的估     

柴北缘锡铁山两类榴辉岩的退变质过程 及其对俯冲带折返机制的制约

榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745~790℃,大于2.8~3.0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670~770℃,1.6~2.2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明,锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。     

甘肃巴谢剖面黄土-古土壤的光释光测年研究

光释光（OSL）测年是测定第四纪沉积物年龄的一种新技术。它通过单色光束激发使晶体中储存的电离辐射能释放出来。与热释光（TL）测年相比，OSL测年可以不考虑残留的OSL信号，而且测量具有简便、迅速且准确等优点。本文用细颗粒光释光技术对甘肃巴谢剖面的黄土-古土壤进行了测定，其测年结果与14C测年结果相吻合。这表明，光释光是一项极潜力的年代学技术。     

Thermal conductivity measurements of road construction materials in frozen and unfrozen state

A series of thermal conductivity measurements for various materials was performed in a large climate chamber. The size of the chamber allowed the preparation of relatively large samples in a controlled thermal environment. Three types of thermal sensors were used: (1) two needle probes; (2) a grid of temperature sensors, evenly distributed inside the sample; (3) two additional thermal probes, which were simplified versions of an instrument originally developed for measuring thermal properties of the ice/dust mixture expected to exist at the surface of a comet nucleus. They consist of a series of individual temperature sensors integrated into a glass fibre rod. Each of these sensors can be operated in an active (heated) or passive (only temperature sensing) mode. The following sample materials were used: fine-grained reddish sand, coarse-grained moist sand, gravels with various grain size distributions from < 1 cm up to about 6 cm, and for comparison and calibration pure water (with convection suppressed by adding agar-agar), compact ice, and compact granite. Of particular interest are the measurements with composite samples, like stones embedded in an agar-agar matrix. We describe the evaluation methods and present the results of the thermal conductivity measurements.     

第四届全国水文勘测工大赛理论与内业考试试卷分析评价

由水利部、劳动和社会保障部、中华全国总工会组织举办的第四届的全国水文勘测工大赛于2007年10月26日-11月1日在江西弋阳举行,全国有72名选手参加竞赛。竞赛分为：基础理论知识、内业操作考试（合计算机基本知识）笔试部分;外业6个项目实际操作（浮标测流、流速仪拆装、雨量计安装调试、缆道测深测速、测船测深取沙取样、三等水准测量）。基础理论知识、内业操作考试部分占总成绩45％。外业6个项目实际操作占总成绩55％。本文根据本届选手笔试部分试卷进行了统计分析,对试卷的难度、信度、效度、区分度进行了计算与评价。可供参赛选手进行总结,同时为下届大赛出题提供借鉴与参考。