强震作用下冰水域桥墩动力响应研究分析

地震作用下冰水域桥墩受到动水压力与动冰荷载的的双重影响。基于Morison动水理论和Croteau动冰力模型,提出一种适用于冰水域桥墩动力时程反应分析的简便计算模型,通过振动台试验验证了其有效性,并分析了海冰质量和水深对冰海域桥墩动力响应的影响。结果表明,强震作用下有冰时墩底最大曲率比无冰时最大增加8.93倍,桥墩被自由冰包围时,墩底截面出现最大曲率时对应的海冰质量随着水深的增加而变大;随着冰质量的持续增大,墩身最大位移易超越极限位移,造成桥梁垮塌,在桥梁设计中应重点考虑。     

Possible effect of ENSO on annual sediment discharge of debris flows in the Jiangjia Ravine based on Morlet wavelet transforms

The multi-time-scale structures of an annual sediment discharge series of debris flow in the Jiangjia Ravine and the Southern Oscillation index are analysed using the method of Morlet wavelet transformations. The possible effects of E1 Nirio episodes on the annual sediment discharge are discussed by comparing the period variations of ENSO and the discharge. The results show that the annual sediment discharge series of debris flow is related to E1 Nifio episodes. Generally, the annual sediment discharge of debris flow is less than usual during an E1 Nifio episode and debris flow is less active. On the contrary, the annual sediment discharge of debris flows is greater than usual during a La Nifia episode and debris flows are more frequent. There is a relationship between the annual sediment discharges of debris flow in the Jiangjia Ravine and the summer Southern Oscillation index, with both having quasi-periodic variations of 2 and 5-6 years.     

150kaBP以来巴丹吉林沙漠东南区域地层序列的新研究

巴丹吉林沙漠东南部边缘查格勒布鲁剖面中更新统/上更新统下部、上更新统下部/上更新统上部和上更新统上部/全新统的地质界线依次发生在59AGS/60L、39FD/40G和9L/10FD之沉积界面上。其时限依次大致为150kaBP、75kaBP和10kaBP,该剖面记录了150kaBP以来25个旋回的沙漠与湖相等沉积交替变更的历史过程。通过该剖面粒度和SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、FeO在地层中的分布特征、软体动物化石指示的古生态等综合研究表明,所述这些沉积旋回是自那时以来,在北半球冰期间冰期气候波动影响下,冬夏古季风往复更迭所导致的非季风沙区沙漠期与间沙漠期多次正逆交替演变的结果。     

极端干旱沙漠中无沙埋干扰时几种固沙植物栽植试验研究

沙埋干扰是沙漠地区乡土植物生存繁殖的必要条件。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,无沙埋干扰地段大多是高矿化度地下水埋深较浅的地段,这些地段盐渍化较重。7a定点观测和试验表明,塔里木沙漠公路沿线丘间地栽植固沙植物逐渐死亡的主要因素不是沙层水分和沙层盐分,而是高矿化度地下水埋深太浅(0.8~1.0 m),即这类地段植物死亡的原因主要是由于植物长期吸收高矿化度地下水使得体内盐分积聚过多无法调节而造成的。因此,在干旱区高矿化度地下水埋深太浅的地段,无沙埋干扰时建立固沙植被应谨慎。     

中国综合气候变化风险区划

气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。     

Wind-sand movement characteristics and erosion mechanism of a solar photovoltaic array in the middle of the Hobq Desert,Northwestern China

The operation and power generation of utility-scale solar energy infrastructure in desert areas are affected by changes in surface erosion processes resulting from the construction of solar photovoltaic(PV) power stations. However, few studies have addressed the interactions between solar PV arrays and aeolian erosion processes. In this study, wind flow field characteristics and the vertical distribution of sediments were investigated in the near-surface transport layer at three different locations with respect to the solar PV arrays in a 200 WM-p PV power station in the central Hobq Desert, northwestern China. The results indicate that the sediment transport varied around the panels, with the greatest transport occurring between the panels, followed by behind and in front of the panels. The sediment fluxes of all of the observation sites obey an exponential function. The secondary flow field zones formed around the PV panels: the conflux accelerating zone between the panels, the resistance decelerating zone of the under panels, and the transition zone of the rapid velocity increase in front of and behind the panels. This resulted in a greater shear force in front of the panels under the downward flow diversion effect of PV panels, and the wind erosion depressions were finally formed here. The results of this study provide information for planning better technical schemes for wind-sand hazards at solar PV power stations, which would ensure operational stability and safety in desert areas.     

First Report of Osteoglossiform Fish Huashia from the Cretaceous of Eastern Liaoning,China

正Objective The Mesozoic strata in eastern Liaoning and southern Jilin are relatively well developed. Liu et al.(1963) studied Lycoptera in North China, and they mentioned the fossils of south Jilin, but they were not included in the study due to the lack of specimens and poor preservation. Ma and Sun(1988) studied fish fossils from the Sankeyushu section in Tonghua, Jilin, and laid the foundation for the study of fish fossils in this area.     

Machine Learning-based Weather Support for the 2022 Winter Olympics

<正>1.A key support for the 2022 Winter Olympics The XXIV Olympic Winter Games are scheduled to take place from 4 to 22 February 2022, followed by the Paralympic Games from 4 to 13 March, in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei Province, China. Weather plays an extremely important role in the outcome of the games (Chen et al., 2018). It can not only cause a difference between a medal or not, but affect the safety of athletes. Success of the Winter Olympics will greatly depend on weath...     

滇西北构造地热特征及对地震活动的影响

温泉的水化学组分、循环路径和构造地热特征是分析活动断裂中流体耦合机制及讨论流体对地震发生影响的有效约束之一.本文通过对滇西北地区多条活动断裂附近的温泉资料进行收集, 应用硅-焓模型估算了该区域温泉的热储温度, 对温泉的出露温度、离子组分、热储温度、循环深度及同位素组成特征(δD和δ¹⁸O)等进行了分析.首先对区域内的地震进行了重定位分析, 讨论了小震震源深度与热储温度的关系, 而后分析了该区域的b值特征, 论述了以热储温度表示的区域浅层地热特征与地震活动的关系.结果表明2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震发生在浅层地温场高值区与低值区转换的地热温度梯度异常区内.

     

极区电离层对流速度的浅层神经网络建模与分析

电离层对流是太阳风与地球磁场相互作用下驱动的磁层大尺度对流循环与对流电场在极区电离层的映射, 与行星际磁场-地球磁场耦合系统息息相关.本文基于SuperDARN(Super Dual Aurora Radar Network)分布在北半球的23部高频相干散射雷达获取到的二维电离层对流速度对其进行建模研究.模型输入为行星际磁场三分量、太阳风速度、太阳风密度和地磁指数六个空间物理参数, 模型输出为二维对流速度.模型选择两种广泛应用于空间物理建模的浅层神经网络即广义回归神经网络(General Regression Neural Network, GRNN)和误差反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络.实验结果显示, GRNN模型和BP模型的速度幅值均方根误差分别为174.96 m·s^-1和234.21 m·s^-1, 速度方向角均方根误差分别达到62.30°和88.07°, 相比于对流速度最大值2000 m·s^-1和360°的方向角范围来说, 其误差是可以接受的.外推性实验结果显示, 在第24个太阳周期时, GRNN模型和BP模型的速度幅值均方根误差分别为305.35 m·s^-1和738.15 m·s^-1, 速度方向角均方根误差分别为82.01°和90.56°.实验结果表明, GRNN在时间外推性上的效果优于BP神经网络, 更适用于预测对流速度.我们发现在四种典型空间环境条件下, 利用GRNN模型预测的瞬时对流速度来构建的全域对流模式与现有统计模型构建的对流模式相似, 从而验证预测的对流速度可以用于分析瞬时极区电离层对流.