GNSS/INS组合系统模型精化及载波相位定位测姿

<正>INS不依赖外部信号源,抗干扰性强,以高采样率输出导航信息,但其误差随时间积累,GNSS导航结果长期稳定性较高,但存在采样率较低、信号易受干扰等缺点,将两者组合形成GNSS/INS系统可以最大程度发挥各自优势。提升硬件水平能改善导航定位性能,但成本巨大,短期内收效甚微。如何在现有硬件水平下完成各项导航定位任务是当前极为重要和迫切的问题。GNSS/INS组合系统采样率高、连续性好、输出参数全面,已渗透到国民经济发展和国防建设的各个领域,不     

白云岩成因探讨:新疆三塘湖盆地发现二叠系湖相喷流型热水白云岩

晚石炭世—早二叠世是新疆北部地区构造转换、海陆变迁的重要变革时期,包括三塘湖盆地在内的北疆地区该时期发育多个呈近东西向分布的陆内裂谷,其中存在大量基性、酸性及中性火山岩,它们以裂隙式喷发为特征。中二叠世芦草沟期,北疆地区发育裂谷期后半深湖沉积,沉积了厚层暗色泥岩、凝灰质泥岩、白云质泥岩夹白云质泥晶灰岩、凝灰岩、白云岩及火山岩的岩石组合,在暗色泥岩、凝灰质泥岩中普遍发育吐鲁番鳕鱼、双壳、叶肢介、介形虫等化石。其中的白云岩具如下特征:以铁白云石为主,多呈泥晶和粉晶状,与泥晶石英和有机质（含藻类）构成纹层;与方沸石岩互层,并作为方沸石的胶结物同时交代方沸石;伴生纳长石、伊利石、硬石膏、黄铁矿等多种热液矿物。此类白云岩及其热液矿物为本研究区首次发现,其分布与上石炭统火山岩的分布范围一致,表现出裂隙式、点式分布特点;火山岩中发育丰富的网状、树枝状裂缝并被热液矿物充填,可见火山岩具角砾状构造,可能反映了热液喷流口的沉积特征。初步分析认为该白云岩是一种与岩浆作用、深部热液作用相关的喷流型湖相热水沉积白云岩。     

大别山低级变质岩的构造背景

大别山南北两侧的浅变质岩是碰撞造山以前洋壳俯冲造山阶段的重要组成部分。木兰山片岩或张八岭群是俯冲的洋壳;苏家河群、信阳群和佛子岭群是由洋壳俯冲形成的海沟沉积,并因俯冲过程中的前进变形而形成增生楔;杨山煤系和梅山群是石炭纪弧前盆地沉积,并因俯冲过程中的前进变形而被增生楔逆掩。宿松群是扬子大陆被动边缘沉积,不是俯冲造山带的成员。因洋壳俯冲形成的弧和弧后盆地可能已被新生界沉积物掩盖。高压—超高压变质带是碰撞造山后期从深部折返的外来体。高压—超高压变质带正好处于洋壳和增生楔之间,破坏了早期洋壳俯冲造山带的完整性,使得洋壳俯冲造山阶段的特征被破坏,因而不易辨别。俯冲造山阶段应为奥陶纪到泥盆纪,碰撞造山阶段应从二叠纪开始。     

一种正地闪触发过程观测和分析

利用2008年夏季在山东滨州获得的无线电窄带干涉仪及同步快慢电场资料,对发生于2008年6月29日的一次具有2次回击的正地闪进行了波形特征分析及定位处理。结果表明,正地闪预击穿过程起始于云中部负电荷区域,有持续时间长达163ms的预击穿过程,并在预击穿后期产生很多双极性脉冲。通过与负地闪的比较,发现云下部正电荷区的浓度对云中触发闪电的极性有一定的影响。正先导的触发和传输过程需要长时间的云内放电过程来提供能量,正流光传输是非阶梯型,结合同步观测的快电场三维定位结果的结合,得到正地闪首次先导速度约为4.1×105 m.s-1,首次回击的速度约为9×107 m.s-1,直窜先导的速度约为4.7×106 m.s-1,继后回击的速度约为9.6×107 m.s-1。正地闪的回击速度偏小,可能是由于干涉仪通道是二维的,且有一定的误差,还讨论了正地闪继后回击产生的原因是由于下部正电荷区很强,不同于一般的正地闪且只有1次回击过程。在该个例中还观测到正先导传输过程中的VHF辐射,这可能是由于雷暴过程下部正电荷区域很强。     

理学ZSX系列X荧光光谱仪中文软件开发

介绍了日本理学ZSX系列X荧光光谱仪的特点和新开发的中文版软件的功能。     

华南沿海4省区城市分类探析

采用城市就业人口的统计资料，运用城市经济基础分析、多变量聚类与统计分析相结合的方法，对东南沿海粤、闽、琼、桂4省区40个地级以上的城市进行综合职能分类、共分出5个大类9个亚类。分类结果对认识我国东南沿海主要城市的职能结构和职能特点有着重要的意义，也为本区域城市之间的比较研究提供了参照基础。     

陕西翠华山山崩其环境效应

陕西翠华山山崩主要由水湫池（天池）山崩体、甘湫池山崩体及大坪山崩体三部分组成，其中水湫池（天池）山崩体开发及研究较为成熟，是吸引游客的黄金地段，翠华山山崩的形成主要由内因素及外因因素所控制，其中内力因素包括翠华山花岗岩体背景因素和节理面理、断裂面理及变质地层面理等因素、外力因素包括陕西关中地震及暴雨等因素。翠华山山崩首次发现由三期山崩体组成，不同期次山崩有各自特色旅游环境，反映了出山崩自然现象亦有造福人类的积极方面。     

The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region

1 IntroductionThe Loess Plateau region covers an area of 62.4(104 km2 and lies in the center of northern China. Urbanization and economic development have been quickened in recent decades. Both the number of towns established and scale of cities have increased. Although the pace of urbanization has been accelerated, the eco-environmental control in urban areas still lags behind relatively. Moreover, the construction and development of cities damaged the already vulnerable eco-environment to …     

PRESENT-DAY KINEMATICS OF THE ORDOS BLOCK AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS FROM GPS OBSERVATIONS

Located among the South China block, Tibetan plateau, Alxa block and Yinshan orogenic belt, the Ordos block is famous for its significant kinematic features with stable tectonics of its interior but frequent large earthquakes surrounding it. After the destruction of the North China Craton, the integrity, rotation movement and kinematic relations with its margins are hotly debated. With the accumulation of active tectonics data, and paleomagnetic and GPS observations, some kinematic models have emerged to describe rotation movement of the Ordos block since the 1970's, including clockwise rotation, anticlockwise rotation, clockwise-anticlockwise-alternate rotation, and sub-block rotation, etc. All of these models are not enough to reflect the whole movement of the Ordos block, because the data used are limited to local areas.
In this study, based on denser geophysical observations, such as GPS and SKS splitting data, we analyzed present-day crustal and mantle deformation characteristics in the Ordos block and its surrounding areas. GPS baselines, strain rates, and strain time series are calculated to describe the intrablock deformation and kinematic relationship between Ordos block and its margins. SKS observations are used to study the kinematic relationship between crust and deeper mantle and their dynamic mechanisms, combined with the absolute plate motion(APM)and kinematic vorticity parameters. Our results show that the Ordos block behaves rigidly and rotates anticlockwise relative to the stable Eurasia plate(Euler pole: (50.942±1.935)°N, (115.692±0.303)°E, (0.195±0.006)°/Ma). The block interior sees a weak deformation of~5 nano/a and a velocity difference of smaller than 2mm/a, which can be totally covered by the uncertainties of GPS data. Therefore, the Ordos block is moving as a whole without clear differential movement under the effective range of resolution of the available GPS datasets. Its western and eastern margins are characterized by two strong right-lateral shearing belts, where 0.2°~0.4°/Ma of rotation is measured by the GPS baseline pairs. However, its northern and southern margins are weakly deformed with left-lateral shearing, where only 0.1°/Ma of rotation is measured. Kinematics in the northeastern Tibetan plateau and western margin of the Ordos block can be described with vertical coherence model with strong coupling between the crust and deeper mantle induced by the strong extrusion of the Tibetan plateau. The consistency between SKS fast wave direction and absolute plate motion suggests the existence of mantle flow along the Qinling orogenic belt, which may extend to the interior of the Ordos block. SKS fast wave directions are consistent with the direction of the asthenosphere flow in Shanxi Rift and Taihang Mountains, indicating that the crustal deformation of these areas is controlled by subduction of the Pacific plate to North China. The week anisotropy on SKS in the interior of Ordos block is from fossil anisotropy in the craton interior. After comparing with the absolute plate motion direction and deformation model, we deem that anisotropy in the interior of Ordos block comes from anisotropy of fossils frozen in the lithosphere. In conclusion, the Ordos block is rotating anticlockwise relative to its margins, which may comes from positive movement of its margins driven by lithospheric extrusion or mantle flow beneath, and its self-rotation is slight. This study can provide useful information for discussion of kinematics between the Ordos block and its surrounding tectonic units.     

Discovery of Neoproterozoic Rocks in the Dunhuang Block: Clues to Correlation with Rodinia

正Objective Rodinia was a supercontinent that comprised nearly all the current existing continents/blocks on Earth to form a coherent large landmass during the Meso-Neoproterozoic. Thus, discovery of Meso-Neoproterozoic rocks in a certain Precambrian block can provide important clues for studying the assembly and break-up history of Rodinia. The Dunhuang Block, located at the southernmost part