Mineralogical study of surface sediments in the western Arctic Ocean and their implications for material sources

Mineralogical analysis was performed on bulk sediments of 79 surface samples using X-ray diffraction. The analytical results, combined with data on ocean currents and the regional geological background, were used to investigate the mineral sources. Mineral assemblages in sediments and their distribution in the study area indicate that the material sources are complex. （1） Feldspar is abundant in the sediments of the middle Chukchi Sea near the Bering Strait, originating from sediments in the Anadyr River carried by the Anadyr Current. Sediments deposited on the western side of the Chukchi Sea are rich in feldspar. Compared with other areas, sediments in this region are rich in hornblende transported from volcanic and sedimentary rocks in Siberia by the Anadyr Stream and the Siberian Coastal Current. Sediments in the eastern Chukchi Sea are rich in quartz sourced from sediments of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers carried by the Alaska Coastal Current. Sediments in the northern Chukchi Sea are rich in quartz and carbonates from the Mackenzie River sediments. （2） Sediments of the southern and central Canada Basin contain little calcite and dolomite, mainly due to the small impact of the Beaufort Gyre carrying carbonates from the Canadian Arctic Islands. Compared with other areas, the mica content in the region is high, implying that the Laptev Sea is the main sediment source for the southern and central Canada Basin. In the other deep sea areas, calcite and dolomite levels are high caused by the input of large amounts of sediment carried by the Beaufort Gyre from the Canadian Arctic Islands （Banks and Victoria）. The Siberian Laptev Sea also provides small amounts of sediment for this region. Furthermore, the Atlantic mid-water contributes some fine-grained material to the entire deep western Arctic Ocean.     

The Effect of Air Density on Sand Transport Structures and the Adobe Abrasion Profile: A Field Wind-Tunnel Experiment Over a Wide Range of Altitude

Aeolian sand transport results from interactions between the surface and the airflow above. Air density strongly constrains airflow characteristics and the resulting flow of sand, and therefore should not be neglected in sand transport models. In the present study, we quantify the influence of air density on the sand flow structure, sand transport rate, adobe abrasion profiles, and abrasion rate using a portable wind-tunnel in the field. For a given wind speed, the flow’s ability to transport sand decreases at low air density, so total sand transport decreases, but the saltation height increases. Thus, the damage to human structures increases compared with what occurs at lower altitudes. The adobe abrasion rate by the cloud of blowing sand decreases exponentially with increasing height above the surface, while the wind erosion and dust emission intensity both increase with increasing air density. Long-term feedback processes between air density and wind erosion suggest that the development of low-altitude areas due to long-term deflation plays a key role in dust emission, and will have a profound significance for surface Aeolian processes and geomorphology.     

L波段探空判别云区方法的研究

利用2008年1月到2009年12月的L波段探空资料,和与之时空匹配的Cloudsat云观测资料,首先分析了云内和云外相对湿度的累积频率分布,发现以75%作为相对湿度阈值判断云准确率可达81%。随后利用BS（Bias Score）和TS（Threat Score）评分方法,对不同相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现以81%作为相对湿度阈值TS评分可达0.66,为最高。接着利用BS和TS评分方法分不同高度对相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现随高度的增加该高度上具有最好TS评分的相对湿度阈值在减小。利用这些阈值对云判断时,总的TS评分高于0.6,且其准确率达到84%以上,比利用单一相对湿度阈值判断云准确率要高。最后对这些阈值进行优化,得到一套适合于我国L波段探空秒数据的云垂直结构的判别方法。     

��ͬ�����¼����˲������ıȽ��о����Ľ�

????о???GPS???μ???????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????Ч?????ó?????????????????????÷?Χ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????????     

利用接收机钟差实时滤波提高GNSS精度

建立接收机钟差的高斯马尔可夫模型,通过自相关函数估计接收机钟差的时间常数,利用Allan方差确定模型谱密度参数,将滤波后的接收机钟差返回补偿至GNSS观测方程,重新进行导航解算。实验结果表明,对接收机钟差进行滤波,可有效提高钟差估计精度,提高GNSS的精度。     

要素级多时态地形数据库建库与管理技术设计

通过建立要素级多时态的国家1：50 000地形数据库,实现了对地形数据要素级的管理和多时态信息的存储。本文介绍了国家1：50 000地形数据库采用要素级多时态数据库建库与管理的相关技术设计,并给出了数据库管理服务系统的应用实例。     

国家1：50000地形数据库重点要素动态更新

国家1：50 000地形数据库是国家基础地理信息数据库的主要内容之一,是用途最广、使用频率最多的基础测绘成果,保持其现势性是我国基础测绘工作的重要使命。2012年国家测绘地理信息局组织实施了对该数据库的快速动态更新,实现了每年更新一次,每年发布新版。本文主要总结介绍了全国1：50 000地形数据库动态更新项目取得的主要创新和数据成果。     

The Residuals Iteration Correction Algorithm of Exceptional Corresponding Points Based on Affine

The corresponding points are prerequisite to the registration of Terrestrial Laser Scanning data (TLS). The exceptional corresponding points will direct impact the quality of registration. The interest in this paper is in the so-called residuals iteration correction algorithm, which focused on a new procedure for correcting the exceptional corresponding points. The kernel of the procedure is the Affine proposed by Berger (1987). This paper describes the three main steps of residuals iteration correction algorithm based on Affine, namely the decomposition of exceptional corresponding points, the propagation of registration residuals, and the correction of exceptional corresponding points. The paper outlines the key advantages of the proposed approach, such as the capability to correct exceptional corresponding point automatically according to the point precision. Furthermore, it illustrates the performance of proposed approach with a validation experiment where two exceptional corresponding points were simulated and “3S” statue TLS data in Wuhan University was acquired. From the analysis of this experiment, the result shows that the validation of correction of exceptional corresponding points based on residuals iteration.     

基于MongoDB的地理信息共享数据存储模型研究

异构、海量地理信息共享数据的存储和管理一直是地理信息研究和应用领域的热点和难题。本文通过研究BSON数据存储格式、文档模型,以及分布式文件系统数据库MongoDB等技术,利用BSON作为地理信息共享数据的描述方式,定义了基于文档模型的地理信息共享数据存储模型,并使用MongoDB作为存储地理信息共享数据的存储载体,最终实现了基于MongoDB的地理信息共享数据统一存储模型,并通过实验验证了这一方法的可行性。     

不同观测技术的Jason-2卫星精密定轨评估

针对GPS、SLR和DORIS三种不同手段的各自定轨精度问题,本文基于不同的轨道评估方法进行了深入分析。以JASON-2卫星为例,分析了姿态模型误差及其对定轨精度的影响,分别讨论了GPS、SLR和DORIS的定轨策略和定轨精度,并基于轨道评估结果进行了轨道叠加。基于实测数据进行了试验,试验结果表明,JASON-2卫星姿态模型误差对DORIS、GPS和SLR轨道影响分别为0.040、0.036和0.033m;DORIS定轨结果优于GPS和SLR,SLR定轨精度最差;基于SLR验证和轨道重叠结果加权,对GPS、SLR和DORIS轨道进行轨道叠加,其精度一致,通过与JPL轨道比较,其径向精度为2cm。