长江中下游地区下蜀黄土磁化率曲线比较研究

通过对镇江大港剖面地层结构和磁化率曲线特征的分析研究,以及与相邻地区风尘堆积研究成果的比较,认为长江中下游地区中更新世以来,经历了七次大的古气候冷暖旋回,旋回变化幅度较北方黄土共要小得多,冷期和暖期都存在着频繁的小尺度的气候冷暖波动,并可与深海氧同位素曲线相比较;另外,在镇江下蜀黄土磁化率测量中还发现,地下水的浸泡对剖面样品的磁化率有着较大的影响。     

Data Analysis of Chang’E-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U, K, and Th Elemental Abundances

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is one of the main payloads on the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03:58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105?h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra: first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances     

东油田北坡馆陶组河流相砂岩沉积微相研究

本文以济阳坳陷埕东油田北坡馆陶组河流相砂岩为例,详细阐述了河流相砂体的沉积微相研究方法,将研究区内的河流相砂体划分为曲流河、网状河和辫状河三种沉积相,并进一步划分为七类主要的沉积微相。通过单井剖面和井间剖面对比分析,结合地震资料的精细解释,编制了研究区内不同砂层组沉积时期沉积微相平面展布图。     

吉林省桦甸油页岩中稀土元素和微量元素的研究

对桦甸油页岩及其灰渣的矿物成分、主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明：油页岩中稀土元素含量低于北美页岩(NASC)中的平均含量,REE球粒陨石标准化的分布模式曲线表现为负斜率,(La/Yb)_N的平均值大于1,属于轻稀土富集型;REE北美页岩标准化的分布模式曲线较平缓,（La/Yb）_S的平均值接近于1,轻重稀土分馏不明显。与球粒陨石和北美页岩相比,Eu有较严重的正异常。油页岩中的微量元素与北美页岩和地壳的平均值相比较,Sb、Nb、Cs、Zn、Bi、W等元素具有较高的富集度。油页岩灰渣中稀土元素和微量元素富集度均高于油页岩。     

微量水δ(~(17)O)和δ(~(18)O)CoF_3法线外同时测试新技术

三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)组成特征可有效示踪天然水循环及其环境效应,微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法同时测试新技术的建立,可为三氧同位素定量研究提供有效的分析手段,特别是能够捕捉到像光合作用、呼吸作用等生物过程中发生的同位素分馏现象。在国内首次建立了微量水δ(17O)和δ(18O)CoF3法线外同时测试新技术,样品量仅需2μL,整个制样时间约40min。采用在质谱测试前对待测样品在100℃下预热10 min,待O2完全解吸后再进行质谱测试的方法,避免了制样和测试过程中的记忆效应及分馏效应,δ(17O)和δ(18O)的分析精度分别达到±0.07‰和±0.14‰。该法使用固体试剂CoF3替代了剧毒的气态氟化物BrF5,使得制样流程更加安全可靠且样品量少,适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值。     

A Comparison of Nd Isotopes of Granitoids from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and Qinling-Dabie Orogen,and Implications for Understanding of Crustal Growth from Accretion to Collision

正Orogens can generally be divided into two types:accretionary and collisional.The fundamental differences in deep-crustal compositions and architecture from accretion to collision and how to identify them is not well understood.This is one of the major aims of the IGCP 662 project (www.igcp662.org.cn).The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a typical and the world's largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic belt and the     

The effect of chemical composition and oxygen fugacity on the electrical conductivity of dry and hydrous garnet at high temperatures and pressures

The in situ electrical conductivity of hydrous garnet samples (Py₂₀Alm₇₆Grs₄–Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃) was determined at pressures of 1.0–4.0 GPa and temperatures of 873–1273 K in the YJ-3000t apparatus using a Solartron-1260 impedance/gain-phase analyzer for various chemical compositions and oxygen fugacities. The oxygen fugacity was controlled by five solid-state oxygen buffers (Fe₂O₃ + Fe₃O₄, Ni + NiO, Fe + Fe₃O₄, Fe + FeO, and Mo + MoO₂). Experimental results indicate that within a frequency range from 10⁻² to 10⁶ Hz, electrical conductivity is strongly dependent on signal frequency. Electrical conductivity shows an Arrhenius increase with temperature. At 2.0 GPa, the electrical conductivity of anhydrous garnet single crystals with various chemical compositions (Py₂₀Alm₇₆Grs₄, Py₃₀Alm₆₇Grs₃, Py₅₆Alm₄₃Grs₁, and Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃) decreases with increasing pyrope component (Py). With increasing oxygen fugacity, the electrical conductivity of dry Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃ garnet single crystal shows an increase, whereas that of a hydrous sample with 465 ppm water shows a decrease, both following a power law (exponents of 0.061 and −0.071, respectively). With increasing pressure, the electrical conductivity of this hydrous garnet increases, along with the pre-exponential factors, and the activation energy and activation volume of hydrous samples are 0.7731 ± 0.0041 eV and −1.4 ± 0.15 cm³/mol, respectively. The results show that small hopping polarons ( \textFe_\textMg ^· ) \left( {{\text{Fe}}_{\text{Mg}}^{ \cdot } } \right) and protons ( \textH ^· {\text{H}}^{ \cdot } ) are the dominant conduction mechanisms for dry and wet garnet single crystals, respectively. Based on these results and the effective medium theory, we established the electrical conductivity of an eclogite model with different mineral contents at high temperatures and high pressures, thereby providing constraints on the inversion of field magnetotelluric sounding results in future studies.     

殷马断裂带在桐柏山—大别山造山带中的地质意义探讨

殷店—马垅断裂带是桐柏—大别造山带南缘一条重要的韧性断裂带,是桐柏—大别造山带内部发育的一条明显的岩地层单元界线,同时也是华北和扬子两大板碰撞挤压的产物。它与桐柏—大别造山带的形成,发展和演化,有着密不可分的联系。通过对殷店—马垅断裂带东西段野外岩性剖面对比分析、显微构造对比、有限应变测量对比分析、应力场分析等,发现尽管东、西段构造特征略有差异,但是殷店—马垅断裂整体是具有右旋运动性质的剪切带,殷店—马垅断裂带的形成对华北与扬子碰撞所产生的应力具有消减转移效应,它本身是一个塑性剪切最强的断裂带,它反映了造山带内部不同岩性的块体之间右旋流变的运动学模式,同时也可能充当着桐柏—大别山核部岩块相对扬子板块向东运动的的"润滑带"。     

基于SVD和修正Z指数的汛期旱涝预测及其应用

利用奇异值分解(SVD)方法、500hPa高度场、太平洋海温场和降水资料,建立起汛期降水的预测方程;经过适应本地化的Z指数修正,将预测结果转化为旱涝等级;将SVD技术与修正的Z指数结合起来,实现旱涝的气候预测;将研究成果推广应用到气象、防汛抗旱部门。结果表明:1)影响江淮分水岭地区汛期降水的因子有5个,分别是太平洋地区2个,印度半岛附近2个,欧洲地区1个;2)理论上的Z指数等级不符合江淮分水岭地区的实际状况,因而必须对Z指数进行修正。经过修正后的各个旱涝等级的划分概率较为合理,说明Z指数的5级指标是可靠的;3)利用5个影响因子可以建立汛期降水量与影响因子之间的预报方程,在共计8年的旱涝滚动预测和实况检验中,等级相符的有7年,只有2003年的预测试验相差一个等级,5级的预测准确率达到87.5%;4)经过气象、防汛抗旱部门2008年的应用,旱涝等级的预测意见和实际基本吻合,说明预测技术的应用情况良好。     

广东一次飑线过程中一个雷暴单体成熟阶段的电荷结构演变特征的数值模拟

为了进一步印证以往观测反推得到的广东地区雷暴云多偶极性电荷结构的结论,利用加入了起放电参数化方案的WRF模式,模拟了广东在2017年5月8日发生的一次飑线过程,并对这次飑线过程中一个雷暴单体成熟期的电荷结构演变特征进行分析,通过分析动力、云水含量、各水成物粒子混合比及携带电荷情况,讨论了电荷结构的形成及演变机制。结果表明,成熟阶段的单体,电荷结构从三极性逐渐演变为偶极性。这是因为在成熟初期,霰粒子在有效液态水含量适中且温度较高的地方与冰晶/雪花粒子发生了非感应碰撞,因此底部霰粒子携带正电,雷暴云底部形成次正电荷区,电荷结构为三极性。而在成熟后期,由于丰富的云水含量,使冰粒子的凇附过程增强,霰不断增加,冰晶和雪花不断被消耗,温度较暖区域与霰共存的冰晶和雪花急剧减少,使得该区域大小冰粒子的非感应碰撞起电急剧减少,此处霰粒子不能再通过非感应碰撞获得正电荷,底部次正电荷区随之消失,雷暴云的电荷结构转变为偶极性。此结果和以往观测反推得到的结论不同,这表明,对南方雷暴电荷结构还需继续深入认识。