1985-2005年环渤海地区土地利用变化时空格局

Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the Bohai Rim during 1985–2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Land use pattern changed dramatically during 1985–2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm², of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm² at an annual rate of 3.72%. (2) The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land in rural areas by 184,869 hm². This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. (3) Arable land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of −0.02%, −0.12% and −1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444 hm² at an annual rate of −1.69%. (4) The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages (1985–1995 and 1995–2005). In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. (5) There was a significant interaction between arable land and woodland. Industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region.     

2001年昆仑山口西M_S 8.1地震前背景形变场的模拟研究

文中以东昆仑断裂带周围分布的27个GPS站点的地壳运动速率矢量为约束,利用半无限弹性空间三维断裂位错模型,反演了东昆仑断裂、柴达木盆地北缘断裂、玛尼-玉树断裂和玛尔盖茶卡断裂带在2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震之前的运动速率,并认为这些断裂带以反演出的运动速率错动所形成的形变场可以作为震前的背景地壳形变场。基于这一具有构造意义的背景速度场资料,计算了区域地壳应变率场和地震矩累积率场。结果表明,昆仑山口西地震前,东昆仑断裂的东西大滩段和玛尼-玉树断裂西段为该区域2个最显著的地震矩累积率高值区,其中东昆仑断裂的东西大滩段高值区为后来的昆仑山口西MS8.1地震的发震段     

VPN技术在流动测震台网中的应用

应急流动测震台网和遥测地震台网的性质不同,因此在组建方式上也具有差异性。VPN是一种新的网络技术,它能够提供远程访问,外部网和内部网的连接,价格比专线或者帧中继网络要低得多。目前,VPN技术在专用的传输业务中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了VPN技术原理,以及通过运用该技术借助GPRS和CDMA传输网络来实现流动测震信号的远程传输。     

基于多层DEM与QTPV的混合数据模型及其在地质建模中的应用

提出一种基于多层DEM与似三棱柱体元（QTPV）的混合三维数据模型。模型包含顶点、线段（棱边、三角形边）、三角形、侧面四边形、似三棱柱体元和DEM 6个基本元素,同时包含点对象、线对象、面对象、体对象、复杂对象、空间对象等6个对象。设计了6个基本元素和2种地质对象的数据结构和它们之间的拓扑关系。研究了基于原始采样点和基于内插点的两种建模方法。以模拟数据和地质钻探数据对开发的原型系统进行验证。研究表明,基于多层DEM与似三棱柱体元的混合三维数据模型具有同时表达空间对象的表面和内部结构的能力,适合地质勘探领域的三维建模。     

西安城市扩张及其驱动力分析

随着人口的增长与经济的发展,尤其我国西部城市在西部大开发的背景下,大中城市的扩张十分明显,深刻地影响城市周边的生态环境。如何快速准确地获取城市扩张信息,并分析其驱动力机制,对于指导城市规划,优化西部生态环境与可持续发展都具有十分重要的意义。作者分别采用了监督分类法和归一化裸露指数 (NDBI) 法提取了西安市的城市边界信息,并对二者进行对比分析,认为监督分类法提取的城市边界信息较为准确。在此基础上通过对相关统计资料的分析,认为西安市城区快速扩张与西部大开发以来西安市固定资产投资额的大幅增加以及经济的快速发展有密切的关系,此外人口的增加、交通等基础设施的发展也是重要的驱动因素。     

一维土层非线性地震反应分析的解析递推格式法

引入“结构动力学数值分析解析递推格式法”求解软土地基地震反应分析问题。就一维地基非线性地震反应分析问题,将解析递推格式方法与等效线性化方法在各种场地土的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明：(1) 对软土层地震反应分析时,两种方法计算结果差别较大; （2）入射波幅值较强时,两种方法计算结果差别较大;（3）对于中等硬度土层、入射波幅值较弱时,计算结果相似, 并验证了该方法的实用有效性。     

附有条件的参数平差模型的有偏估计

讨论附有条件的参数平差模型参数的有偏估计问题。提出了约束岭估计和约束主成分估计,并证明了它们的优良性质,最后给出了一个算例,验证了所得结果。     

Differential Tectonic Stress Pattern Between the Deep and Shallow Crust in North China and Its Possible Genesis

This paper approaches the neotectonic stress field based on the data of foeal mechanismsolution,ground stress measurement,tectonic mechanical analysis and geodetic surveying,and finds out that the orientations of the maximum principal comproessive sterss patterns arequite discordant with different methods and the stress patterns are widely differnt betweenthose in the shallow and deep part of the crust in North China.Based on the analysis ofabove-mentioned data,we established a duplex model by considering the diversities of theStress patterns in 3-dimentional spaces,the boundary conditions and the lithospheric media,and made an inverse calculation by using the finite element method.The calculated results fitwell with the reality in North China,i.e.the stress patterns in lower crust which is below thedetachment interface at the deptp of 10 km from ground surface are relatively consistent withnearly horizontal state and NE-ENE trending of the maximum principal compressive stressaxes,whereas the stress patt     

乌鲁木齐地区相对湿度的气候分析及预报

通过对乌鲁木齐地区相对湿度的气候分析 ,结合特殊天气情况下其变化规律 ,对乌鲁木齐地区相对湿度提出了较为客观的预报方法     

钴矿石浸取液中Co、Cu、Fe的萃取分离

探讨了钴矿石浸出液中Co、Cu、Fe的萃取分离 ,以及不同萃取剂萃取上述元素时的影响因素。提取液用P2 0 4 、LIX984 和正辛酸分别萃取Fe、Cu和Co ,萃取率分别为 99.9%、99.4%和 98.1%。成功地实现了复杂钴矿石中Co、Cu、Fe的分离与提纯