东南极埃默里冰架东缘赖茵博尔特丘陵构造变形过程及其构造意义

对赖茵博尔特丘陵地区的构造变形过程分析表明,该地区发育4期主要构造变形.D1期主要是区域性近EW向片麻理形成阶段,其变形时代为＞970 Ma;D2期是在正片麻岩形成了近EW向轴面陡立韧性剪切褶皱,以及剪切面理上发育的各种紧闭不对称褶皱和低角度拉伸线理,其变形时代为新元古代早期.D3期变形发生在寒武纪早期,以构造抬升至地...     

湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估问题探讨

湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估能够将湿地各项服务功能价值货币化,提供直观的经济数字,是应用较为广泛的一种评估方式。其技术仍处在探索阶段,尚不完善,在应用中反映出许多问题。分析了湿地净化污染、调节大气、调蓄洪水、物质生产等几项代表性的服务功能,总结了评估应用中存在的一些问题,并提出相应的改进建议,为今后的工作提供参考。     

利用有限单元法模拟二维MT倾子响应

在二维地电模型中,考虑到大地电磁测深(MT)倾子响应依赖于横电(TE)模式的数值模拟问题,笔者采用矩形网格单元和双二次插值对MT的倾子响应进行求解。首先,给出了二维地电条件下的边值问题和变分问题,并通过有限单元法对模型进行单元剖分、插值、积分和整体合成;其次,通过求解复系数方程组得到了每个节点的电场值;最后,采用差分方法求得电场沿横向和垂向的偏导数值,从而计算出二维MT的倾子响应。通过对2个二维地电模型的倾子响应进行数值模拟,获得了倾子响应的实部、虚部和振幅,结果很好地反映了不均匀体的横向分布情况。     

Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

The Guantan landslide, with a total displaced mass of about 468 × 10⁴ m³, was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and succeeding rainfall in Jushui Town, Sichuan Province, China. The landslide occurred on an anti-dip hard rock slope with a weak rock founding stratum of 200 m in thickness. To investigate the failure mechanism of the Guantan landslide, dynamic behaviors of hard and soft rock slopes were investigated by means of large scale shaking table tests. The laboratory models attempted to simulate the field geological conditions of the Guantan landslide. Sinusoidal waves and actual seismic waves measured from the Wenchuan Earthquake were applied on the slope models under 37 loading configurations. The experimental results indicated that deformation mainly developed at a shallow depth in the upper part of the hard rock slope and in the upper (near the crest) and lower (near the toe) parts of the soft rock slope. An equation for predicting the depth of sliding plane was proposed based on the location of the maximum horizontal acceleration. Finally, it was concluded that the failure process of the Guantan landslide occurred in three stages: (1) toppling failure caused by compression of the underlying soft rock strata, (2) formation of crushed hard rock and sliding surface in soft rock as the result of seismic shocks, particularly in the horizontal direction, and (3) aftershock rainfall accelerates the process of mass movement along the sliding plane.     

矩形基坑涌水量计算方法研究

通过对矩形基坑渗流模型的理论研究及实践分析,以达西定律及裘布依假定为理论依据,推导了潜水完整矩形基坑涌水量的计算方法。并通过工程实例,分析了本文计算方法、大井法、瀑布法适用的基坑涌水量计算类型,认为本文计算方法更适合于长宽比较大时矩形基坑涌水量的计算。     

Characteristics of wind-blown sand in the region of the Crescent Moon Spring of Dunhuang, China

Based on the detailed wind data, this paper aims to investigate wind regime, drift potential and the movement of mega-dunes at the Crescent Moon Spring, an important scenic spot in western China and to clarify the dominant factors that control sand transport in this region. The results of this paper revealed that the dominant wind directions at the spring were NW and SW. The spring region belonged to a low-energy wind environment. The wind regime and sand drift potential were hugely influenced by local topography, and the regional atmospheric circulation intensified the complexity of their variations. Besides, the movement of the southern and northern mega-dune towards the spring greatly endangered the preservation of this scenic spot. These results provide insights into the characteristics of wind-blown sand at the Crescent Moon Spring that will guide efforts to control sand damages.     

小口径金刚石钻进在大岗山水电站帷幕灌浆工程中的应用

以小口径金刚石钻进在大岗山水电站帷幕灌浆工程中的应用为例,总结了小口径金刚石钻进在坚硬地层中的施工技术。从设备机具的选择、施工工艺、相关参数的确定、钻进中遇到的常见问题及预防措施等方面进行了论述,并结合钻孔轨迹平面投影图对孔斜进行分析。     

缓倾煤层采空区上覆山体滑坡形成机制分析

下伏采空区的缓倾斜坡,由于采空区大小、方位不同和斜坡结构特征的差异,多存在地表沉陷、拉裂、局部崩塌、滑坡等工程地质问题,常常会诱发大规模的地质灾害。马达岭滑坡发育于存在软弱夹层和煤层采空区的缓倾斜坡中,由采空区的破坏和降雨诱发形成,体积达190104m3。调查和分析表明,脆弱的地质结构和坡体下伏采空区的破坏是滑坡形成的主要原因,降雨的促进作用加速了滑坡的发生; 马达岭滑坡的破坏模式为塌落-拉裂-剪切滑移,滑坡的形成机制和发展过程可以分为以下3个阶段: 斜坡后缘拉裂阶段,滑面贯通阶段和滑坡整体破坏阶段。崩滑体崩解后顺着沟谷向下游流动,形成长1.5km的泥石流碎屑堆积区,淹没大量农田。