全文获取类型
收费全文 | 124080篇 |
免费 | 1841篇 |
国内免费 | 825篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3047篇 |
大气科学 | 8282篇 |
地球物理 | 23845篇 |
地质学 | 45996篇 |
海洋学 | 10631篇 |
天文学 | 27856篇 |
综合类 | 408篇 |
自然地理 | 6681篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 718篇 |
2021年 | 1224篇 |
2020年 | 1326篇 |
2019年 | 1448篇 |
2018年 | 4581篇 |
2017年 | 4165篇 |
2016年 | 4137篇 |
2015年 | 1830篇 |
2014年 | 3293篇 |
2013年 | 5872篇 |
2012年 | 4110篇 |
2011年 | 6118篇 |
2010年 | 5402篇 |
2009年 | 6761篇 |
2008年 | 5772篇 |
2007年 | 6174篇 |
2006年 | 4504篇 |
2005年 | 3475篇 |
2004年 | 3413篇 |
2003年 | 3254篇 |
2002年 | 3151篇 |
2001年 | 2605篇 |
2000年 | 2552篇 |
1999年 | 2048篇 |
1998年 | 2140篇 |
1997年 | 1980篇 |
1996年 | 1720篇 |
1995年 | 1722篇 |
1994年 | 1475篇 |
1993年 | 1379篇 |
1992年 | 1293篇 |
1991年 | 1328篇 |
1990年 | 1338篇 |
1989年 | 1185篇 |
1988年 | 1087篇 |
1987年 | 1293篇 |
1986年 | 1118篇 |
1985年 | 1396篇 |
1984年 | 1589篇 |
1983年 | 1515篇 |
1982年 | 1377篇 |
1981年 | 1344篇 |
1980年 | 1189篇 |
1979年 | 1102篇 |
1978年 | 1083篇 |
1977年 | 953篇 |
1976年 | 955篇 |
1975年 | 926篇 |
1974年 | 896篇 |
1973年 | 990篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
941.
Despite the fact that BaP is a carcinogen, mammalian immunosuppressant, and ubiquitous aquatic pollutant, knowledge regarding the effects of BaP on the immune system of fish is still lacking. To begin to fill this gap, studies were conducted in medaka to examine the effects and mechanisms by which BaP exposure might alter host immunocompetence. Fish, exposed by IP injection of BaP (2-600 microg/g BW), were examined after 48 h for effects upon immune function and CYP1A expression/activity. Benzo[a]pyrene, at a concentration below that which increased levels of CYPIA expression/activity (2 microg BaP/g BW) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Concentrations of BaP at 20 and 200 microg/g BW. suppressed antibody-forming cell (AFC) numbers, superoxide production, and host resistance against bacteria. In contrast, exposure to the low affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), neither induced CYP1A expression nor altered immune function. Given the lack of immunosuppressive effects produced by BeP, and the fact that exposure to the AhR antagonist (and CYP1A inhibitor) alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) ameliorated the suppressive effects of BaP upon AFC numbers, the AhR pathway (including CYP1A-mediated production of reactive BaP metabolites) appears important in mediating BaP-induced immunotoxicity in fish, as in mammals. In the past, the medaka has proven a successful model for assessing carcinogenic agents. These studies have demonstrated its utility for also determining the immunosuppressive effects of an important aquatic contaminant. 相似文献
942.
Steven A. Hughes 《Coastal Engineering》1993,20(3-4)
Most coastal and ocean engineering laboratories employ techniques that use two or three spatially separated wave gages to estimate reflection of irregular waves in two-dimensional wave flumes. This paper presents a frequency domain method for separating incident and reflected wave spectra from co-located gages (gages located on the same vertical line). The technique is based on linear wave theory, and it can be applied to time series of sea surface elevation and horizontal water velocity collected in a vertical array, or it can be used with horizontal and vertical water velocity time series collected at the same point in the water column. Application of the method is limited to those frequencies showing good coherence between time series signals. Outside the range of good coherence, gross inaccuracies occur.The utility of the co-located gage method is illustrated using water velocity data collected in a wave flume with a laser Doppler velocimeter, and the method is validated for the case of complete reflection by a vertical wall. Side-by-side comparison to the spatially-separated wave gage method of Goda and Suzuki (1976) exhibited close agreement for a variety of irregular wave trains being weakly reflected by a mild sloping beach. The co-located gage method is useful in situations where there are spatial variations in the wavelength, such as on a mildly sloping bottom, or in the region close to highly reflective structures where errors arising from spatial variations in characteristic wave parameters would corrupt estimates made using the spatially-separated wave gage method. 相似文献
943.
Keith A. W. Crook 《Geo-Marine Letters》1986,5(4):203-209
Multichannel seismic reflection profiles recorded in the northern Red Sea show structures that we interpret to be a result of the intrusion of uppermost Miocene salt. We believe that the evaporites are underlaid by attenuated continental crust and the flow of salt is due to renewed faulting of basement in the Pliocene when sea floor spreading began between latitudes 21°N and 15°30°N. 相似文献
944.
945.
The potential of heterotrophs to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons derived from oil in water and sediments in the northern North Sea around the Brent, Beryl, Forties and Murchison oilfields and at a number of stations, from the Forties field to the Firth of Forth, was estimated using 1-14C naphthalene and 7, 10-14C benzo(a)pyrene. The degradation of uniformly labelled 14C mixed 1-amino acids was used as a measure of total heterotrophic activity. Results showed that microorganisms have the potential to degrade the smaller aromatic hydrocarbon molecules rapidly in the water column and in surface sediments. Close to the Beryl platform, where diesel-washed drill cuttings have been continuously dumped, the rate of input of hydrocarbons to the sediment has exceeded the rate of degradation. Mineralization of benzo(a)pyrene, estimated in the sediments only, was minimal. Close to production platforms the biodegradation rate of mixed 1-amino acids showed no increase comparable with that found for naphthalene, suggesting that existing microbial populations had not increased but adapted to degrade oil in water and sediments. 相似文献
946.
A. G. Matul T. A. Khusid V. V. Mukhina M. P. Chekhovskaya S. A. Safarova 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):80-90
The study of diatoms and benthic foraminifers from the southeastern shelf of the Laptev Sea shows that their most diverse and abundant recent assemblages populate the peripheral underwater part of the Lena River delta representing the marginal filter of the sea. This area is characterized by an intense interaction between the fresh waters of the Siberian rivers and the basin seawater, the Atlantic one included. Local Late Holocene (~last 2300 years) environments reflect the main regional and global paleoclimatic changes, the Medieval Warm Period (~600–1100 years B.P.) and the Little Ice Age (~100–600 years B.P.) inclusive. In addition, the composition and distribution of planktonic foraminifers implies a strong influence of the Atlantic water during the Holocene optimum ~5100–6200 years B.P. 相似文献
947.
948.
A. Winter K.O. Coyle G. Swartzman 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2869
Cohort abundance of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is subject to strong interannual variation in the eastern Bering Sea, and this variation is known to be determined largely at the age-0 stage. We estimated the spatial distributions and densities of age-0 walleye pollock in five nursery areas around the eastern Bering shelf in three successive years (1997–1999) from acoustic survey data. Concurrently, we calculated estimates of the spatial distribution of euphausiids, a major prey of age-0 walleye pollock, and estimates of spatial overlap of groundfish predators with the age-0 walleye pollock. The analyses showed that all nursery areas had low densities of age-0 walleye pollock in 1997, which ultimately produced the weakest adult year-class. In the intermediate year of 1998, age-0 densities were low to medium, and in 1999, which produced the strongest of the three adult year-classes, all nursery areas had medium to high age-0 walleye pollock densities. Euphausiid distributions had a consistently positive spatial relationship with age-0 walleye pollock. Groundfish predator density ratios were positively related to age-0 walleye pollock density when age-0 walleye pollock were displaced relatively northward. Our results suggest that abundance of age-0 walleye pollock, and hence of adult cohorts in the eastern Bering Sea, can be predictable from a concise set of indicators: the densities of age-0 walleye pollock at nursery areas in mid- to late-summer, their spatial relationship to euphausiids and groundfish predators, and the latitudinal trend of their distributions. The 3 years 1997–1999 had significant differences of physical conditions in the eastern Bering Sea, and represent an advantageous framework for testing these hypotheses. 相似文献
949.
950.
We collected surface water along the 142nd E meridian from Tasmania to Antarctica in December 1999. We measured temperature,
salinity and total chlorophyll a; additionally, we collected suspended particle size fractions and used fluorometric analysis to determine the quantity of
chlorophyll a in each of four cell size classes: picoplankton (<3 μm), two nanoplankton fractions (3–10 μm and 10–20 μm) and microplankton
(> 20 μm). Changes in temperature and salinity show that we crossed 6 water masses separated by 5 fronts. We found low abundance
(<0.2 mg m−3) of chlorophyll in all size classes, with the exception of higher values near the continent (0.2 to 0.4 mg m−3). Lowest chlorophyll values (<0.1 mg m−3) were found in the Polar Frontal Zone (51° to 54°S). Microplankton made up the largest portion of total chlorophyll throughout
most of the region. We conclude that biomass of all phytoplankton fractions, especially pico-and nanoplankton, was constrained
by limiting factors, most probably iron, throughout the region and that ecosystem dynamics within a zone are not circumpolar
but are regionalized within sectors. 相似文献