Petrology of ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks from the G?ksun(Kahramanmaras) ophiolite,southeast Turkey

The G?ksun(Kahramanmaras)ophiolite(GKO),cropping out in a tectonic window bounded by the Malatya metamorphic unit on both the north and south,is located in the EW-trending lower nappe zone of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt(Turkey).It exhibits a complete oceanic lithospheric section and overlies the Middle Eocene Maden Group/Complex with a tectonic contact at its base.The ophiolitic rocks and the tectonically overlying Malatya metamorphic(continental)unit were intruded by I-type calc-alkaline Late Cretaceous granitoid(~81-84 Ma).The ultramafic to cumulates in the GKO are represented by wehrlite,plagioclase wehrlite,olivine gabbro and gabbro.The crystallization order for the cumulate rocks is as follows:olivine±chromian spinel→clinopyroxene→plagioclase.The major and trace element geochemistry as well as the mineral chemistry of the ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks suggest that the primary magma generating the GKO is compositionally similar to that observed in the modern island-arc tholeiitic sequences.The mineral chemistry of the ultramafic to mafic cumulates indicates that they were derived from a mantle source that was previously depleted by earlier partial melting events.The highly magnesian olivine(Fo77-83),clinopyroxene(Mg#of 82-90)and the highly Ca-plagioclase(An81-89)exhibit a close similarity to those,which formed in a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)setting.The field and the geochemical evidence suggest that the GKO formed as part of a much larger sheet of oceanic lithosphere,which accreted to the base of the Tauride active continental margin,including the ispendere,K?mürhan and the Guleman ophiolites.The latter were contemporaneous and genetically/tectonically related within the same SSZ setting during the closure of the Neotethyan oceanic basin(Berit Ocean)between the Taurides to the north and the Bitlis-Pütürge massif to the south during the Late Cretaceous.     

Evidence for a Black Hole and Accretion Disk in the LINER NGC 4203

We examine the supernova remnant SNR 0540-697 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer. The X-ray emission from this supernova remnant (SNR) had previously been hidden in the bright emission of the nearby X-ray binary LMC X-1; however, new observations with Chandra can finally reveal the SNR's structure and spectrum. We find the SNR to be a thick-shelled structure about 19 pc in diameter, with a brightened northeast region. Spectral results suggest a temperature of 0.31 keV and an X-ray luminosity (0.3-3.0 keV) of 8.4x1033 ergs s(-1). We estimate an age of 12,000-20,000 yr for this SNR, but note that this estimate does not take into account the possibility of cavity expansion or other environmental effects.     

搭建地震方法和大地测量方法所检测的慢地震之间的桥梁

最近观测到的异常地震事件——深部低频地震和颤动、甚低频地震及慢滑动事件——形成了慢震群,而这个慢震群受控于不同于普通地震的标定律。根据这个标定律,我们在日本西部的纪伊半岛下方观测到了之前未知的事件,其震源持续时间约20-200s,矩震级为3～4级。这些地震在2～8Hz的频带范围内辐射能量,直接与其地震矩率成比例,但这个比例常数比一般地震小4～5个数量级。这个地区的慢地震可能是由大量的剪切滑动事件组成的,从地震方法上看,总体上会呈现为颤动或长达200s持续时间的较长独立事件,从大地测量方法上看,是慢滑动事件。     

阿尔卑斯山脉东南部地区震动图的实时生成研究

在阿尔卑斯山脉东南部地区进行了震动图（ShakeMap）的实时生成研究。ShakeMap软件系统已经在该地区安装,并已经可以与Antelope数据采集系统获得稳定的界面,能够从波形数据中提取地面运动的参数,并且在地震发生5min内生成震动图。为了评价台站密度的影响,我们计算了2004年博韦茨地震（斯洛文尼亚西北部）的合成地震图,以及不同网格大小虚拟台站的震动图。结果表明,密集且均匀的台站分布是产生精确震动图的基本条件,目前弗留利中部地区的台站密度已经足够可靠地估计最强烈震动区域范围内的震动程度。使用特定地区的地面运动预测方程和从记录到的地面运动预测宏观地震烈度的经验关系,相关的震动图能够实时或准实时地生成。通过弱震动（2007年克劳特地震）和强震动（1998年博韦茨地震）的观测数据和ShakeMap结果的比较,证明了该模型的正确性。     

尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区的构造地势

尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区的新构造运动和地球动力学的主要特征可以由本区的构造地势和构造基础面很好地表示出来。本地区山脉结构在横向上的划分与地质学上依构造特征而划分出来的单元相一致;在纵向上,则按照构造运动形成的不同山口将山脉划分为几段。由多个推覆体板片和形成众多Si walik期山前褶皱的印度次大陆俯冲断层构成的体系展示了喜马拉雅新构造动力学的主要过程。伴随这一动力学过程,出现了Mahabharat地区向斜核部地层被挤出及推覆体露头被剥蚀、喜马拉雅地区高倾斜基础面重力不稳性、整个喜马拉雅地区花岗岩岩基呈漂浮状态等地质现象。     

含盐量对冻土强度的影响特征

Is shown that the durability of frozen salted soil is caused by concentration of porous solution formed during freezing of soil moisture     

Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part I: comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis), semi-permeable membrane devices, and the DREAM model predictions to estimate the dispersion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The oil companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea have conducted field studies since the mid-1990s to monitor produced water discharges to the ocean. These studies have been used to refine monitoring methods, and to develop and validate a dispersion and impact assessment model. This paper summarizes monitoring data from surveys conducted in two major oil and gas production areas, and compares the results to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in surface waters predicted by the dose-related risk and effect assessment model (DREAM). Blue mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in the Ekofisk and Tampen Regions and analyzed for more than 50 PAH. PAH concentrations in ambient seawater were estimated based on the mussels and SPMD concentrations, and compared to model predictions. Surface water total PAH concentrations ranged from 25 to 350 ng/L within 1 km of the platform discharges and reached background levels of 4-8 ng/L within 5-10 km of the discharge; a 100,000-fold dilution of the PAH in the discharge water. The PAH concentrations in surface water, predicted by three methods, compared well for the Ekofisk Region. The model predicted higher concentrations than the field-based methods for parts of the Tampen Region; particularly the most tidally influenced areas. Tidally-mediated fluctuations in PAH concentrations in surface water must be considered because they affect the estimation of PAH concentrations from mussel and SPMD residue data, and the predictions by the DREAM model. Predictions using mussels, SPMDs, and modeling support and complement each other; all are valuable tools for estimating the fate and impact of chemical contaminants in produced water that are discharged to the ocean.     

Evaluating the effects of protection on two benthic habitats at Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA (North-East Sardinia, Italy)

In this paper, two benthic habitats have been investigated in a fully protected site and two control sites at the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo marine protected area (MPA) (NE Sardinia). Overall, a protection effect on the benthic assemblages was highlighted in the shallow subtidal (5 m deep) rather than at intertidal algal turf habitat. Structure of assemblages at the shallow subtidal habitat is different in the fully protected site vs. controls, while this was not true for the intertidal habitat. At the subtidal, this finding is probably linked to indirect effects due to an increase of consumers in the protected site (e.g., sea urchins), while the lack of direct impacts in the intertidal at control sites is indicative of very similar assemblages. Cover of encrusting algae was significantly higher at the subtidal protected site suggesting a possible higher grazing pressure. Possible causes underlying the inconsistency of results obtained between habitats include the possibility that trophic cascade effects have a different influence at different heights on the shore. The need to estimate the interconnection among benthic habitats through trophic links is also highlighted to provide an estimate of the vulnerability to protection of various habitats.     

A 130 year record of pollution in the Suances estuary (southern Bay of Biscay): implications for environmental management

Geochemical composition (Al, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr and As) and foraminiferal assemblages in surface and core sediments were determined to assess the current situation and the recent environmental transformation of the Suances estuary (southern Bay of Biscay, Spain). Dating of the historical record has been achieved using isotopic analysis (²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs) and two benchmark events such as the beginning of the mineral exploitation in the Reocín Pb-Zn deposits and the evolution of the chlor-alkali industry (inputs of Hg). Concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in both surface and core samples are remarkably higher than background values, reflecting the existence of significant amounts of polluted materials. The dramatic environmental impact of this pollution is clearly recorded by the change of the foraminiferal assemblages that even reach an afaunal stage during recent decades. Application of two different sets of Sediment Quality Guidelines confirm that they exert potential risk to the environment, and therefore if dredged they should need specific management measures.The results provide a reference database to monitor future environmental changes in the Suances estuary, particularly as regards the contaminated sediment storage and the re-colonization by autochtonous meiofauna.     

从青藏可可西里Mw7．8级地震滑动分布得到的地震障碍体模型的证据

通过高分辨率卫星影像的光学相关分析,测量出了可可西里Mw7．8级地震的滑动分布,并得到了同震水平滑动的平行和垂直两个分量。由此揭示出沿走向约20km尺度的水平位移变化情况。与断层平行和垂直滑动的负相关性表明在断层末端平行滑动转化为垂直滑动。这些特征说明了由强固几何障碍体分开的分段破裂模型。破裂在主断层南段的意外终止可由这样的构造来解释,但对下次地震破裂的起始和传播方向具有重要的意义。