Evaluation of gravitational curvatures of a tesseroid in spherical integral kernels

Proper understanding of how the Earth’s mass distributions and redistributions influence the Earth’s gravity field-related functionals is crucial for numerous applications in geodesy, geophysics and related geosciences. Calculations of the gravitational curvatures (GC) have been proposed in geodesy in recent years. In view of future satellite missions, the sixth-order developments of the gradients are becoming requisite. In this paper, a set of 3D integral GC formulas of a tesseroid mass body have been provided by spherical integral kernels in the spatial domain. Based on the Taylor series expansion approach, the numerical expressions of the 3D GC formulas are provided up to sixth order. Moreover, numerical experiments demonstrate the correctness of the 3D Taylor series approach for the GC formulas with order as high as sixth order. Analogous to other gravitational effects (e.g., gravitational potential, gravity vector, gravity gradient tensor), numerically it is found that there exist the very-near-area problem and polar singularity problem in the GC east–east–radial, north–north–radial and radial–radial–radial components in spatial domain, and compared to the other gravitational effects, the relative approximation errors of the GC components are larger due to not only the influence of the geocentric distance but also the influence of the latitude. This study shows that the magnitude of each term for the nonzero GC functionals by a grid resolution 15\(^{{\prime } }\,\times \) 15\(^{{\prime }}\) at GOCE satellite height can reach of about 10\(^{-16}\) m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{2}\) for zero order, 10\(^{-24 }\) or 10\(^{-23}\) m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{2}\) for second order, 10\(^{-29}\) m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{2}\) for fourth order and 10\(^{-35}\) or 10\(^{-34}\) m\(^{-1}\) s\(^{2}\) for sixth order, respectively.     

Determination of Phobos’ rotational parameters by an inertial frame bundle block adjustment

A functional model for a bundle block adjustment in the inertial reference frame was developed, implemented and tested. This approach enables the determination of rotation parameters of planetary bodies on the basis of photogrammetric observations. Tests with a self-consistent synthetic data set showed that the implementation converges reliably toward the expected values of the introduced unknown parameters of the adjustment, e.g., spin pole orientation, and that it can cope with typical observational errors in the data. We applied the model to a data set of Phobos using images from the Mars Express and the Viking mission. With Phobos being in a locked rotation, we computed a forced libration amplitude of \(1.14^\circ \pm 0.03^\circ \) together with a control point network of 685 points.     

三维目标位姿跟踪与模型修正

本文是机器视觉参量下的三维数字摄影测量智能构像基础工作之一：成像系统位置姿态自动跟踪与精密修正,属于摄影测量与机器视觉、数字图像处理等学科交叉的摄像测量领域。针对基于目标3D模型的位姿跟踪问题开展研究,对相关研究的现状进行梳理,并提出系列位姿跟踪与模型修正方法。在完全已知目标3D精确模型的情况下,对于包含丰富直线特征的特殊目标,提出基于直线模型的目标位姿跟踪方法,实现了目标位姿参数的精确跟踪;为处理更为一般目标,利用目标的3D边缘模型,提出法向距离迭代加权最小二乘位姿估计方法及距离图迭代最小二乘位姿跟踪方法。当目标3D直线模型参数不准确时,结合光束法平差思想,提出一种针对序列图像的基于3D直线模型同时位姿跟踪与模型修正方法,联合优化求解目标位姿参数及3D直线模型参数,在模拟空间卫星目标位姿测量的仿真试验中,模型直线朝向、位置误差及目标位姿平均角度、平均位置误差分别为0.3°、3.5 mm及0.12°、20.1 mm。针对包含丰富直线特征的目标,在其3D直线模型完全未知的情况下,提出基于序列图像直线对应的目标结构重建与位姿跟踪方法,利用序列图像信息,在SFM框架下同时优化求解目标直线模型参数及位姿参数,仿真试验条件下,重建模型直线朝向、位置误差及位姿参数平均角度、平均位置误差分别约为0.4°、7.5 mm及0.16°、23.5 mm。     

Generating GPS satellite fractional cycle bias for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

With the development of precise point positioning (PPP), the School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) at Wuhan University is now routinely producing GPS satellite fractional cycle bias (FCB) products with open access for worldwide PPP users to conduct ambiguity-fixed PPP solution. We provide a brief theoretical background of PPP and present the strategies and models to compute the FCB products. The practical realization of the two-step (wide-lane and narrow-lane) FCB estimation scheme is described in detail. With GPS measurements taken in various situations, i.e., static, dynamic, and on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the quality of FCB estimation and the effectiveness of PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) are evaluated. The comparison with CNES FCBs indicated that our FCBs had a good consistency with the CNES ones. For wide-lane FCB, almost all the differences of the two products were within ±0.05 cycles. For narrow-lane FCB, 87.8 % of the differences were located between ±0.05 cycles, and 97.4 % of them were located between ±0.075 cycles. The experimental results showed that, compared with conventional ambiguity-float PPP, the averaged position RMS of static PPP can be improved from (3.6, 1.4, 3.6) to (2.0, 1.0, 2.7) centimeters for ambiguity-fixed PPP. The average accuracy improvement in the east, north, and up components reached 44.4, 28.6, and 25.0 %, respectively. A kinematic, ambiguity-fixed PPP test with observation of 80 min achieved a position accuracy of better than 5 cm at the one-sigma level in all three coordinate components. Compared with the results of ambiguity-float, kinematic PPP, the positioning biases of ambiguity-fixed PPP were improved by about 78.2, 20.8, and 65.1 % in east, north, and up. The RMS of LEO PPP test was improved by about 23.0, 37.0, and 43.0 % for GRACE-A and GRACE-B in radial, tangential, and normal directions when AR was applied to the same data set. These results demonstrated that the SGG FCB products can be produced with high quality for users anywhere around the world to carry out ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

基于DEM的6种坡度提取算法的比较分析——以山东省青岛市为例

坡度是描述地形特征信息的一个重要指标,对于制订土地利用规划和防御地质灾害具有重要意义。本文基于山东省青岛市的ASTER GDEM数据,利用MATLAB进行矩阵运算,采用6种坡度提取算法分别获取坡度矩阵、最大值和中误差等统计指标,对比分析6种算法的提取精度。结果表明:简单差分算法出现极端和偏差情况的概率较高,可信度不高;三阶不带权差分和三阶反距离平方权差分算法比较稳定,偏差较小且精度较高,对沿海地区坡度提取具有借鉴意义。     

基于GIS的徐州市火灾应急救援系统设计与实现

为了提高城市火灾应急救援效率,最大限度降低人民群众生命财产损失,以ArcGIS Engine和ArcGIS Object SDK for.Net为桌面GIS应用程序的二次开发框架,构建PC桌面端徐州市火灾应急救援系统.该系统充分利用GIS强大的海量数据存储、查询及分析的特色功能,实现数据管理、信息查询、应急救援、风险评...     

关于美丽乡村信息化建设方案的探索与研究

针对美丽乡村建设工作中信息化程度低的问题,本文以河南省罗山县孙岗村为例,提出了一种基于.NET框架和地图服务的美丽乡村综合信息管理系统建设方案,该方案整合了正射影像图、倾斜摄影三维模型、扶贫信息、农村土地确权数据、户籍数据、土地利用数据、乡村企业数据等与乡村日常工作密切相关的多源异构数据,实现了地图浏览、信息查询、专题...     

应用单历元模糊度算法解决实时GPS水汽探测技术中模糊度问题

首先简要介绍实时水汽探测技术的原理,然后采用详细的推算过程将求水汽量转化为求宽巷模糊度的问题,并利用双频P码求出宽巷模糊度。运用实例模拟分析双频P码求宽巷模糊度的精度,解释宽巷模糊度的精度随卫星高度角变化的原因。     

An intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment system

On the basis of previous work, this paper designs an intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment (VGE) system that is characterized by huge data, rapid computation, multi-user, multi-thread and intelligence and issues challenges to traditional GIS models and algorithms. The new advances in software and hardware technology lay a reliable basis for system design, development and application.