Mesoscale predictability of moist baroclinic waves: Variable and scale-dependent error growth

This study seeks to quantify the predictability of different forecast variables at various scales through spectral analysis of the difference between perturbed and unperturbed cloud-permitting simulations of idealized moist baroclinic waves amplify- ing in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. The error growth of a forecast variable is found to be strongly associated with its reference-state （unperturbed） power spectrum and slope, which differ significantly from variable to variable. The shallower the reference state spectrum, the more spectral energy resides at smaller scales, and thus the less predictable the variable since the error grows faster at smaller scales before it saturates. In general, the variables with more small-scale components （such as vertical velocity） are less predictable, and vice versa （such as pressure）. In higher-resolution simulations in which more rigorous small-scale instabilities become better resolved, the error grows faster at smaller scales and spreads to larger scales more quickly before the error saturates at those small scales during the first few hours of the forecast. Based on the reference power spectrum, an index on the degree of lack （or loss） of predictability （LPI） is further defined to quantify the predictive time scale of each forecast variable. Future studies are needed to investigate the scale- and variable-dependent predictability under different background reference flows, including real case studies through ensemble experiments.     

Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system. This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms, and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture features to realize fast target detection. It first grids the original SAR imagery, yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids, and then calculates the texture features in each grid. By fusing the calculation results, the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined. The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest. The fused texture features, including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), are investigated. The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast detection algorithms using real SAR data. The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application value of our study.     

24ka来冲绳海槽北部沉积物来源的高分辨率常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽北部24ka来柱状沉积物的常量元素组成特征及其物源和古环境指示意义,对PC-1孔进行了402个常量元素和粒度及344个浮游有孔虫氧同位素的综合分析,其平均样品分辨率高达百年时间尺度。结果表明:沉积物中的主要常量元素含量表现出明显的3段式垂向变化特征,并记录到了7.3和12.7cal.kaBP时的两次火山事件;物源判别图解及R型因子分析则揭示出主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近陆源物质输入,而热液活动和海洋生物沉积作用及火山物质的影响较小。特别是不同陆源物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,与海平面波动及对马暖流形成演化间具有良好的耦合关系,但期间的典型古气候事件却并未明显改变沉积物中的陆源物质组成,从而为揭示24ka来冲绳海槽北部地区陆源物质输入演化历史,及其主要控制因素提供了新的高分辨率资料。     

Geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal sediments from Iheya North Knoll in the Okinawa Trough

Thirty sediment subsamples were recovered from the Iheya North hydrothermal field(with an average of 38 m away from the hydrothermal vent) in the middle Okinawa Trough.Samples were obtained by the ROV(Remote Operated Vehicle) Faxian during the virgin cruise of the R/V Kexue in 2014 with the application of push cores.The chemical compositions of the sediments show that the hydrothermal sediments near the hydrothermal vent are mainly composed of SO_3,ZnO and Fe_2O_3.Moreover,the hydrothermal sediments are also highly enriched in Pb,As,Sb,Hg,Se,Ag,Ba,Mo and Cd comparing with previous analysis results.On the other hand,the concentrations of Sr,Hg and Ag in studied sediments are strongly and positively correlated,these elements can be used as an hydrothermal indicator.In addition,a factor analysis of the sediments suggested that the sediments were mainly influenced by hydrothermal origin,and terrestrial and biogenic input are limited in studied area.It is also suggested that different stages of crystallization were involved in the formation of hydrothermal chimney from factor analysis.     

非洲东南部造山型金矿成矿环境与资源潜力分析

造山型金矿床是世界上最重要的金矿类型之一。非洲东南部地区发育有大规模的该类型矿床,因此对该地区造山型金矿床的研究具有重要意义。本文通过对非洲东南部地区大地构造格架及演化、造山型金矿床的时空分布、成矿环境及矿床地质特征的总结整理,并结合对该地区典型造山型金矿床的剖析,认为该地区造山型金矿的形成与克拉通及克拉通之间造山带的演化密切相关,空间上主要分布在各克拉通内的绿岩带及克拉通之间造山带内,时间上主要集中于3.20~3.00、2.70~2.55和2.10~1.80 Ga 3个时期。在此基础上,对非洲东南部地区划分出基巴拉、乌本迪、泛非、林波波4个主要的造山型金矿成矿潜力区。     

四川盆地油气勘探突破实例分析

四川盆地威远、中坝、川东等气田的发现表明，第一勘领域的突破都有一个曲折的过程，其中既有必然性，也有一定的偶然性。从三个气田的发现得到的启示是，要把寻求勘探新发现作为勘探向纵深发展的关键，要有一套利于勘探新发现的技术策略，还要有一套与勘探策略相应的碳酸相应的碳酸盐岩勘探技术和方法。     

The Fractal Dimension Distribution of the Short-Term Climate System in China and It’s Connection with the Monsoon Climate

By analyzing the Fractal Dimension(FD) distribution of the Short-range Climate system(SCS) in China, it is found that the FD varies in different region and this just agrees with the regionally of the monsoon climate in China. The FD of the SCS Lays between 2.0 and 5.0. In the vast eastern area of China, the FD almost grows gradually with the latitude. Line 4.0 is along the mountain chains from the Nanlin Mountain to the Wuyi Mountain. North of the line the FD varies only slightly and all are above 4.0. Only in coastal islands the FD is smaller than 3.0.     

Variational Assimilation of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor and Hourly Rainfall Observations for a Meso-β Scale Heavy Precipitation Event During the 2002 Mei-Yu Season

Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems （MCS） along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves.     

雄安新区西南部土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

土壤重金属污染具有巨大的生态环境风险和危害。本文以雄安新区西南部(老河头镇、同口镇和芦庄乡)的表层土壤和大宗农作物小麦、玉米为研究对象,在对8种重金属As、Ni、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cd和Zn含量测试分析的基础上,开展了土壤重金属污染和生态风险评价。结果表明:研究区表层土壤局部存在重金属超标情况,重金属的污染程度依次为:Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb>Hg,Cr和Ni土壤环境清洁;研究区表层土壤重金属污染是人为源输入,老河头镇及周边大量有色金属冶炼活动是可能的主要污染源;8种重金属的潜在生态危害程度由强至弱依次为:Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni;多金属潜在生态风险指数RI的平均值为252,土壤整体的重金属潜在危害程度为中等风险,其中Cd对潜在生态风险指数RI的贡献最大,且Cd的活性最强,迁移能力强,易被植物吸收。研究成果可为雄安新区的土地利用规划提供重要依据。     

赞比亚东北部班韦乌卢地块泛非期以来构造演化的裂变径迹约束

本文利用锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹方法探讨了班韦乌卢地块泛非期以来的主要构造演化时间.为研究班韦乌卢地块的构造活动,本文从班韦乌卢地块中部卡帕图地区的沉积盖层姆波罗科索群的姆巴拉组、萨马组和卡布韦卢马组中采集多件新鲜的岩石样品,并获得5件锆石和2件磷灰石样品裂变径迹分析结果.5件锆石裂变径迹年龄介于575±35～380±22 Ma之间,其峰值年龄组为600～572 Ma和420～390 Ma.2件磷灰石裂变径迹年龄介于59±6～27±4 Ma之间,其峰值年龄组为99～80 Ma和19～11 Ma.它们的峰值年龄组分别对应的主要时代为新元古代的埃迪卡拉纪、早泥盆世、晚白垩世和中新世.对比区域上已有的年龄数据可知,南部非洲地区新元古代的埃迪卡拉纪、早泥盆世和晚白垩世的构造活动是一个区域性的构造事件,仅中新世(19～11 Ma)的构造活动在区域上的表现尚不明确.综合前人成果资料,自泛非构造运动以来,班韦乌卢地块至少经历600～572 Ma、488～441 Ma、420～390 Ma、375～293 Ma、99～80 Ma及19～11 Ma六个构造事件.班韦乌卢地块泛非期以来的构造演化研究程度很低,此次研究成果可为今后在该地区的深入研究提供重要参考.