城市桥梁地震碰撞反应研究与发展

地震时城市桥梁会因邻跨之间的碰撞而发生灾害.本文从桥梁碰撞的模拟模型、发生条件、影响因素、碰撞对桥梁抗震性能的影响以及防止碰撞的措施等方面,对国内外有关城市桥梁碰撞地震反应研究的成果进行了系统的总结和分析,得出以下结论：桥梁碰撞是多因素共同作用所导致的,并使得桥梁的地震反应更加复杂、呈现非线性;要准确评价桥梁地震碰撞反应需要建立更精确的模拟模型;选择合理的邻跨间距和支座宽度以及安装合适的消能减震装置,可有效地减小桥梁的地震碰撞反应.     

大型堆载条件下桩土性状的试验研究

叙述了堆载条件下桩的受力特性和沉降特征。根据实测资料,分析了桩侧摩阻力和端承力随上部堆载的变化关系,并由此研究了大型堆载条件下的桩土性状。对堆载试验结果的可靠性进行了论证。     

嵌岩桩静载试验结果的研究与讨论

根据１９个工程７１根嵌岩桩静载试验的实测资料，论述了嵌岩桩静载试验结果的特点，对Ｐ－Ｓ曲线进行了分区；提出了嵌岩桩质量分类体系表；研究了嵌岩桩的变形与破坏特点，并对破坏类型作了划分；同时，还讨论了嵌岩深度和嵌固力的测定。     

The paleosol complex S5 in the China Loess Plateau — A record of climatic optimum during the last 1.2 Ma

Having investigated the loess-paleosol sequence in various loess deposition basins in the China Loess Plateau, authors have found that the paleosol complex S₅ is of special significance in terms of Pleistocene paleoclimate. Paleopedological, micromorphological, palynological and paleomagnetic evidences indicate that this paleosol complex formed in the interval of 460,000 to at least 560,000 years BP, which was a climatic optimum.     

Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Synoptic meteorology

Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people's life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.     

改进权重的京津冀可达性时空变化对比分析

以2000年和2015年两个时间断面京津冀地区最省时的交通网络为基础数据,利用ArcGIS网络分析模块,分析节点城市可达性的时空变化规律。在研究方法上突出强调某一时间断面最省时的交通网络体系和通过节点中心度改进的加权平均旅行时间。结果显示：京津冀区域的可达性格局变化较大,可达性整体提升的同时,处于第一阶梯的区域大幅扩张;总体而言,区域内可达性从优到差排序依次为：中心城市、东部和南部城市、北部城市;交通方式的变革极大地改善了区域可达性,各城市的加权平均旅行时间普遍缩减50%以上,中部和南部城市的变化率要远远大于北部城市;张家口和承德两市受山地地形和交通基础设施的限制,可达性一直处于较低水平。     

南非维特沃特斯兰德盆地绍斯迪普金矿床地质特征、成矿模式和找矿模型

对南非兰德砾岩型金矿床的研究成果进行总结,概括了绍斯迪普金矿床的区域地质背景、岩石地层划分,较为系统地分析了矿床的地质特征和矿床成因。得出如下结论:1金的主要来源可能与太古宙含金花岗绿岩带有密切关系;2金矿体主要受太古宙文特斯多普砾岩地层和中兰德群中的Turffontein亚群埃尔斯伯格组砾岩地层控制;3金矿床可能经历了早期沉积成岩成矿阶段—后期改造富集多个(Klipriviersberg火山活动作用时期和与2050Ma布什维尔德杂岩体有关的变质作用高峰时期)阶段,为复合成因的层控改造型矿床。研究结果对该类矿床的深入研究和走出去的中国企业有重要的参考价值。     

Modeling Arctic Boundary Layer Cloud Streets at Grey-zone Resolutions

To better understand how model resolution affects the formation of Arctic boundary layer clouds,we investigated the influence of grid spacing on simulating cloud streets that occurred near Utqiaġvik(formerly Barrow),Alaska,on 2 May 2013 and were observed by MODIS(the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer).The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the clouds using nested domains with increasingly fine resolution ranging from a horizontal grid spacing of 27 km in the boundary-layer-parameterized mesoscale domain to a grid spacing of 0.111 km in the large-eddy-permitting domain.We investigated the model-simulated mesoscale environment,horizontal and vertical cloud structures,boundary layer stability,and cloud properties,all of which were subsequently used to interpret the observed roll-cloud case.Increasing model resolution led to a transition from a more buoyant boundary layer to a more shear-driven turbulent boundary layer.The clouds were stratiform-like in the mesoscale domain,but as the model resolution increased,roll-like structures,aligned along the wind field,appeared with ever smaller wavelengths.A stronger vertical water vapor gradient occurred above the cloud layers with decreasing grid spacing.With fixed model grid spacing at 0.333 km,changing the model configuration from a boundary layer parameterization to a large-eddy-permitting scheme produced a more shear-driven and less unstable environment,a stronger vertical water vapor gradient below the cloud layers,and the wavelengths of the rolls decreased slightly.In this study,only the large-eddy-permitting simulation with gird spacing of 0.111 km was sufficient to model the observed roll clouds.     

赞比亚谦比西铜矿花岗岩年龄及其指示意义

赞比亚谦比西铜矿位于新元古代卢菲利安弧构造带内。矿体呈似层状分布于新元古代罗安组的砂页岩中。罗安组地层不整合于古元古代穆瓦系砂砾岩之上,穆瓦系砂砾岩不整合于下部谦比西花岗岩基底之上。锆石U-Pb测年结果表明谦比西花岗岩年龄为(1984±6)Ma~(1986±6)Ma;穆瓦系年龄上限为(1932±8)Ma。谦比西花岗岩岩石地球化学、稀土元素与球粒陨石配分特征均表现为S型花岗岩的特征。区域地质资料表明,可能由于古元古代班韦卢地块与坦桑尼亚太古宙克拉通碰撞作用诱发了卢菲利安古元古代花岗岩基底的形成;太古宙刚果克拉通于早元古代(2100~1800 Ma)期间活化,并形成一稳定块体。