刚果(金)矿产资源与矿业投资环境

在实施"走出去"战略和推进"一带一路"倡议的背景下,近年中资企业在国际矿业投资领域得到了快速发展。刚果(金)铜、钴、金刚石、锡、钽铌等矿产的资源量在全球占有重要地位,加之近年政府吸引和鼓励外来投资的利好政策,使之成为全球最火的矿业投资热土之一。从区域地质、矿产资源及开发现状、基础设施、矿业投资环境等方面对刚果(金)的地质矿产概况进行了梳理。钴和铜是刚果(金)最丰富的2种金属矿产,集中分布在南部加丹加地区。铜钴矿业开发活跃,是刚果(金)重要的经济支柱。加丹加地区是刚果(金)经济发展和基础设施最好的地区之一,也是最佳矿业投资选择。当前,电力短缺问题是制约刚果(金)矿业发展的主要因素,未来随着布桑加水电站和大英加水电站的建成,电荒问题也将得到逐步解决。刚果(金)作为当下全球矿业投资的热土,虽然在政治环境、社会治安、矿业政策等方面存在一定的投资风险,但近年中国和刚果(金)不断发展的外交关系是中资企业在刚果(金)开展合作投资的重要保障。在当前刚果(金)加入"一带一路"倡议的大背景下,未来应继续加强中刚两国产能合作,促进中刚矿业合作可持续发展。     

成熟台风边界层作用的数值研究

利用ＴＬ６模式，在对一次台风过程成熟阶段进行成功模拟的基础上，通过各种对比试验，研究了成熟台风边界层的作用。结果表明：在２４小时内，台风边界层内各种通量的垂直输送对其路径影响很小而对成熟台风的维持却有非常重要的作用。其中，潜热输送成为成熟台风的主要能源，其影响最为重要。感热输送对成熟台风几乎无影响。边界层的动量垂直输送具有双重作用，摩擦辐合使上升运动增大，但明显对下层涡旋有削弱作用，这近似于在台风     

Sea-level changes controlled detrital sediment inputs to the Bicol Shelf in the western Philippine Sea since 150 ka

Detrital sediments derived from the Philippine Islands are one of the main sources of deep-sea sediments in the western Philippine Sea.However,systematic research on their characteristics and transport mechanisms are lacking.We used parametric end-member analysis to quantitatively partition the grain size of detrital sediments in core MD06-3052 from the Bicol Shelf in the western Philippine Sea;three endmembers EMI,EM2,and EM3,whose respective modes were at 2,10,and 45 μm,were separated.We also measured the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of different size fractions(4 and 20 μm) of the detrital sediments and the results showed that the detrital sediments mainly originate from the Philippine Islands.Components EMI and EM2 are transported to the Bicol Shelf mainly by surface and bottom currents from the islands,and component EM3 is delivered by gravity flow from the exposed shelf during low sea-level stands.The content of the total detrital fraction and the three end-members,as well as the mass accumulation rates(MARs) of the coarse detritus(EM2 and EM3),were considerably higher during glacial periods(40-14 ka and 150-130 ka) than during other intervals;the glacials corresponded to a low sea level,while the MAR of the fine detritus(EMI) did not increase remarkably during 40-14 ka.We therefore concluded that the input of coarse detritus to the Bicol Shelf from the islands was mainly controlled by sea-level change.Variations of the input of fine-grained detritus(EM1) was influenced not only by sea level but also by ocean currents and regional precipitation.Overall,our results help understand "source-to-sink" processes in the western Pacific marginal seas and their response to global change.     

赞比亚北部班韦乌卢地块演化及矿产资源研究现状

赞比亚北部班韦乌卢地块受到古元古代乌本迪构造带、新元古代基巴拉构造带、新元古代伊鲁米德构造带及泛非期卢弗里安构造带的影响,主要分布有金、锰和金刚石矿床(点)。金矿床(点)主要赋存于姆波罗科索盆地东部姆巴拉组以紫红色砾岩—砂岩为主的碎屑沉积岩中,并且有较好的矿化线索。锰矿床主要分布在曼萨周围,可分为沉积型和构造型两类。班韦乌卢地块东部边缘发育含金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩和金伯利岩,在伊索卡地区前人利用重砂方法找到金刚石,推测地块内部可能寻找到含金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩和金伯利岩。因此,作者通过研究班韦乌卢地块的演化及其矿产资源现状,认为该地区具有较好的找矿潜力,可为中资矿业企业的矿权登记及矿产开发等方面提供基础的地质资料和科学依据,符合国家实施的矿产资源勘查开发"走出去"战略和"一带一路"战略。     

Sulfur isotopic composition of modern seafloor hydrothermal sediment and its geological significance

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓｔｏｍｉｄ 1 990ｓ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｅａｆｌｏｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｈａｄｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｔｏｓｏｍｅｅｘｔｅｎｔ (ＺｉｅｒｅｎｂｅｒｇａｎｄＳｈａｎｋｓ ,1 988;ＢｌｕｍａｎｄＰｕｃｈｅｌ…     

楚玛尔河黏性土与砂土导热系数试验研究

为探究青藏工程走廊带楚玛尔河地区冻融土导热系数的基本规律,采用瞬态平面热源法测试了148个冻土试样和88个融土试样导热系数。对楚玛尔河地区黏性土和砂土导热系数的总体特征及影响因素进行分析;对黏性土、砂土导热系数与干密度和含水率之间进行二元回归方程拟合,并分别建立黏性土、砂土RBF神经网络预测模型。结果表明:楚玛尔河黏性土导热系数分布较为集中,砂土导热系数离散度高,分布范围较广;二元回归方程对黏性土、砂土导热系数平均拟合优度较低;与二元回归方程相比,以干密度和含水率作为输入因子所建立的楚玛尔河黏性土、砂土导热系数RBF神经网络预测模型具有更高的精确度。研究成果可有效预测青藏工程走廊带土体导热系数,对冻土温度场计算具有重要指导意义。     

青藏工程走廊活动层厚度预测模型与分布特征研究

为探究青藏工程走廊沿线多年冻土区活动层厚度分布情况,结合青藏公路、青藏铁路沿线300个钻孔点的活动层厚度监测数据,基于年平均地表温度、平均植被指数、等效纬度、纬度、高程和含冰量等参数建立了活动层厚度的经验公式、随机森林和径向基函数（radial basis function, RBF）神经网络预测模型。各预测模型结果表明,活动层厚度与各预测因子间具有极强的非线性关系;RBF神经网络预测模型具有最高的预测精确度,拟合优度R²达到0.84。运用RBF神经网络预测模型和高精度遥感数据绘制活动层厚度分布图,分布图显示研究区内活动层厚度主要为2~4 m,总面积为5 468.3 km²,面积占比为47.27%,主要分布于楚玛尔平原至北麓河盆地和唐古拉山区南部至头二九山区;活动层厚度大于4 m次之,总面积为3 382.3 km²,面积占比为29.24%,整体分布偏向南部地区,主要分布于布曲河谷地至头二九山区。并对研究区活动层厚度与含冰量、地温关系进行了研究,结果表明活动层厚度随含冰量增加而减小、随地温升高而增加。     

Formation of the modern current system in the East China Sea since the early Holocene and its relationship with sea level and the monsoon system

The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of air-sea interaction and paleoenvironmental change. It has been demonstrated that present offshore export of particles in the bottom nepheloid layer occur primarily with downwelling from the northeast winter monsoon, which is inhibited by a transverse circulation pattern in summer. This current system was very different during the Last Glacial Maximum owing to low sea level(-120 m) and exposure of a large shelf area. We collected sediment core Oki01 from the middle Okinawa Trough during 2012 using R/V K exue No. 1 to elucidate the timing and cause of the current system transition in the East China Sea. Clay mineral, dry density, and elemental(Ti, Ca) composition of core Oki01 was analyzed. The results indicate that clay minerals derived mainly from the Huanghe(Yellow) and the Changjiang(Yangtze) Rivers during 16.0–11.6 ka, and the modern current system in the East China Sea formed beginning in the early Holocene. Therefore, mixing of East China Sea continental shelf, Changjiang River and partially Taiwan Island sediment are the major contributors. The decrease of log(Ti/Ca) and alternating provenance since the early Holocene indicate less sediment from the East China in summer because of resistance of the modern current system, i.e., a "water barrier" and upwelling. Conversely, sediment delivery persists in winter and log(Ti/Ca) indicates the winter monsoon signal since the early Holocene. Our evidence also suggests that sediment from Taiwan Island could be transported by the Kuroshio Current to the middle Okinawa Trough, where it mingles with winter monsooninduced export of sediment from the Changjiang River and East China Sea continental shelf. Although the present research advances understanding of the evolutionary history of paleoenvironmental change in the Okinawa Trough, more sediment cores should be retrieved over wide areas to construct a larger scenario.     

桩的垂直静载试验极限承载力判定方法综述

桩的垂直静载试验极限承载力（或极限荷载）的确定是试验数据处理的关键。本文汇集编录了极限承载力的各种判定方法，但需指出的是：在具体应用判定试桩的极限承载力时，应以现行规范规定的方法为准，必要时可用其它方法进行校验。