Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks in the Shoshonite Province, Eastern China, and Their Metallogenesis

The shoshonite province in eastern China is characterized by extensive distribution (ca. 80000 km2) of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (165-100 Ma) shoshonite series with subordinate high-K calc-alkali series. It was formed in a dominantly tensile stress field. In comparison with their analogues in island arcs and active continental margins in other countries, the volcanic rocks in the shoshonite province have their specific characteristics in petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry as well as related mineralization association, which are the comprehensive reflection of the special composition and structure of the mantle and crust of the province and the special Mesozoic regional tectonic setting.     

帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。     

准噶尔盆地基底火山岩中的辉石及其对盆地基底性质的示踪

根据钻井和航磁资料，准噶尔盆地基底可划分为西、北、南三区。3个地区火山岩中辉石的化学成分、种属名称各不相同。辉石化学成分反映出来的寄主岩的碱度、碱度演化趋势以及寄主岩形成的构造环境、构造环境演化史均各有差异，佐证了准噶尔盆地基底是由哈萨克斯坦板块东南缘、西伯利亚板块西南缘和塔里木板块北缘增生大陆拼合而成。其中西、北两区拼合较早，早石炭世末的早海西运动时抬升成陆；南区成陆较晚，晚古炭世末的晚海西运动使南区与西、北两区联合大陆对接，形成完整的准噶尔盆地海西褶皱基底。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Cretaceous Suifenhe Formation in Eastern Heilongjiang, China

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data of volcanic rocks in the Suifenhe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province are reported, and their petrogenesis is discussed in this paper. The Suifenhe Formation mainly consists of basalt, andesite, and dacite. Zircon from andesite and dacite are euhedral in shape and show typical oscillatory zoning with high Th/U ratios (0.18-0.57), implying its magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating results by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) indicate that the 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from andesite range within 105-106 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 105.5±0.8 Ma (n=14), and that 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from dacite are between 90-96 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 93.2±1.3 Ma (n =13). The volcanic rocks from the Suifenhe Formation are subalkaline series and show a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend with SiO2 content of 47.69%-65.47%, MgO contents of 1.42%-6.80% (Mg#= 45-53), and Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.83-3.63. They are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light-rare-earth elements (LREE), depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7041-0.7057) and positiveεNd(t) values (039-4.08), implying that they could be derived from a depleted magma source. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary magma of the volcanic rocks might originate from partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted slab under a tectonic setting of active continental margin.     

Stable isotope characteristics and origin of ore-forming fluids in copper-gold-polymetallic deposits within strike-slip pull-apart basin of Weishan-Yongping continental collision orogenic belt, Yunnan Province, China

More than 140 middle-small sized deposits or minerals are present in the Weishan-Yongping ore concentration area which is located in the southern part of a typical Lanping strike-slip and pull-apart basin. It has plenty of mineral resources derived from the collision between the Indian and Asian plates. The ore-forming fluid system in the Weishan-Yongping ore concentration area can be divided into two subsystems, namely, the Zijinshan subsystem and Gonglang arc subsystem. The ore-forming fluids of Cu, Co deposits in the Gonglang arc fluid subsystem have δD values between −83.8‰ and −69‰, δ¹⁸O values between 4.17‰ and 10.45‰, and δ¹³C values between −13.6‰ and 3.7‰, suggesting that the ore-forming fluids of Cu, Co deposits were derived mainly from magmatic water and partly from formation water. The ore-forming fluids of Au, Pb, Zn, Fe deposits in the Zijinshan subsystem have δD values between −117.4‰ and −76‰, δ¹⁸O values between 5.32‰ and 9.56‰, and Δ¹³C values between −10.07‰ and −1.5‰. The ore-forming fluids of Sb deposits have δD values between −95‰ and −78‰, δ¹⁸O values between 4.5‰ and 32.3‰, and Δ¹³C values between −26.4‰ and −1.9‰. Hence, the ore-forming fluids of the Zijinshan subsystem must have been derived mainly from formation water and partly from magmatic water. Affected by the collision between the Indian and Asian plates, ore-forming fluids in Weishan-Yongping basin migrated considerably from southwest to northeast. At first, the Gonglang arc subsystem with high temperature and high salinity was formed. With the development of the ore-forming fluids, the Zijinshan subsystem with lower temperature and lower salinity was subsequently formed. Translated from Mineral Deposits, 2006, 25(1): 60–70 [译自: 矿床地质]     

Biomarkers in the Molar Tooth （MT）-Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China

The origin of Molar Tooth (MT) carbonates has been argued for more than 100 years, which are a kind of Proterozoic carbonates especially composed of microsparite with ptygmatically folded and sheet-like structures. Biomarkers detected in the microcalcsparite from the Wanlong and Xingmincun formations in the Jilin-Liaoning area showed there are abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoids, hopanes, steranes, alkylmethylcyclohexanes, and alkyleyclohexanes, indicating a diversity of biological source: long-chain isoprenoids, the major components of chlorophyll, such as C19, C20, a kind of major biomarkers synthesized early by isoprenoid monomers; hopanes a type of characteristic biomarkers from prokaryote, such as archaebacteria and cyanobacteria; sterane a biomarker for eukaryote; and two kinds of alkanes with C17, C18 as the main peaks representing aquatic bacteria and with C23, C24 as the main peaks representing fungi, respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that MT is the result of bacterial and algal activities, which is a kind of organisms between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, reproducing well in normal or slightly saline sea water under weak oxidation-reduction conditions, resulting in rapid deposition of calcite as microsparite clue to some mechanisms.     

西藏色布塔铜钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其成矿意义

色布塔铜钼矿床位于冈底斯成矿带北部,具有细脉浸染状矿化,围岩蚀变发育等斑岩型铜钼矿床特征.本文使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪TJA X-series ICP-MS对色布塔铜钼矿床的花岗斑岩中的辉钼矿进行ReOs同位素定年研究,获得了6件样品的模式年龄为87.52±1.35～88.8±1.26Ma,等时线年龄为88.8±1.5Ma.本文研究成果表明,色布塔铜钼矿成矿时代为晚白垩世早期,属燕山期构造-岩浆活动的产物.     

Evolution of the Late Triassic Paleo-uplift in the Southwestern Upper Yangtze Region and its Tectonic SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Based on field geological survey and stratigraphic analysis, a Late Triassic Paleo-uplift is identified in the southwestern upper Yangtze region. The tectonic features, evolution history and tectonic significance of this paleo-uplift are discussed in detail in this paper. The results suggest that the hiatus of the Upper Triassic in the southwestern upper Yangtze region was resulted from the paleo-uplift that roughly parallel to the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The formation of the paleo-uplift is related to the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu and Ganzi-Litang Oceans and their subsequent collisional orogenesis along the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The forebulges of the Youjiang and Chuxiong Foreland Basins were formed by the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu Ocean, comprising the paleo-uplift at the end of the Early Triassic. Then the forebulge of the Xichang Foreland Basin was developed by the closure of the Ganzi-Litang Ocean in the Norian, and became a new part of the paleo-uplift. Owing to the termination of the Youjiang Foreland Basin at the end of the Rhaetian, the paleo-uplift was composed only of the forebulges of the Chuxiong and Xichang Foreland Basins. The discovery of the paleo-uplift will help us to better understand the prototype of the Sichuan Basin and the tectonic evolution of the southwestern upper Yangtze region during the Late Triassic. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.     

永安盆地晚古生代—中—新生代沉积构造环境演化特征

永安盆地发育在前泥盆纪基底之上,位于华夏块体南缘,沿NE向政和—大埔断裂带展布。利用层序地层学方法,辅之以野外调查,研究了永安盆地的地层序列和岩石组合：① 对晚古生代至早三叠世地层格架及柱状剖面的分析表明,伴随海平面的升降,海相沉积序列具有阶段性,不同沉积相在盆地东、中、西区段分布不均,盆地沉积沉降中心大致位于龙岩和梅县地区;② 对横贯盆区的地质剖面及盆内辅助剖面的研究表明,中—新生代,盆内以断块作用为主,改造了晚古生代地层,代之以断褶复合地层;③ 有机碳质层为盆地的海陆变迁作了时域界定,并且其赋存部位和形态也在空间上表征了盆地构造演化的力学机制。通过分析构造事件、古地理及物源区、深部构造、边界构造等盆地要素,研究了盆地的沉积构造环境演化及其应力机制,结果表明：① 晚古生代,海进海退的快慢受控于不同时期构造事件的强弱变化,由此产生的沿岸隆起区的剥蚀以及拉张背景的山体风化剥蚀为盆地提供了物源,存在北、南两个物源区;中—新生代,盆地总体为火山活动背景下的山前及河湖相沉积环境。② 盆地具有隆起—伸展构造发育的特点,主要经历了华力西期海陆交互相巨厚沉积阶段,印支期稳定的台地向活动大陆边缘转变阶段并伴随挤压隆升,以及印支期后中—新生代由挤压向拉张机制转换的构造改造阶段。以上认识为中国东南部盆地的薄弱基础研究提供了新的基础参考信息。     

基于边坡渐进破坏特征对传统极限平衡法几点假设的合理分析

边坡的渐进破坏特征一直以来是边坡计算仿真中的一个难点。实际边坡的破坏很少是一个整体达到极限状态,突然滑动的过程,往往是逐步发展由局部破坏到最终整体失稳,即临界状态小扰动导致的链式多米洛骨牌式失稳。利用颗粒流软件,设计了0.1 m粒径高10 m土坡的数值模型,粒间黏聚力为36 kPa,摩擦系数为0.36。初始模型在重力作用下不会发生破坏,通过单独折减粒间黏聚力到18 kPa使得边坡破坏,监测竖向颗粒组group的变化获取每20 000个时间步的边坡破坏形态,实现200 000个时间步内边坡的渐进破坏过程。边坡总是从局部开始破坏,坡体物质的运移造成次一级破坏,形成最终的近似弧形的滑动面,说明滑体不是整体下滑,不是刚体,不是整体达到极限状态;坡体内应力的变化也不是单调的,有涨有落,均区别于当前极限平衡法中有限条块的刚体假设;滑动面上同时达到极限状态假设,问题本身是静不定的,通过给出条间力的传递方式使之静定可解;整体分析不能考虑破坏的局部化和渐进特征。这说明边坡计算方法的未来在于能反映动力问题和材料破坏特征的离散元方法。