青藏高原北部铁路沿线移动冰丘的特征及其灾害效应

青藏高原北部常年冻土地区部分断裂破碎带发育移动冰丘。青藏铁路沿线典型移动冰丘包括不冻泉活动断裂诱发移动冰丘、乌丽活动断裂诱发86道班移动冰丘、二道沟盆南断裂破碎带桥梁施工诱发雅玛尔河移动冰丘、断裂破碎带桥基施工诱发83道班移动冰丘和乌丽盆北断裂破碎带DK1202+668大桥中部桥墩施工诱发85道班移动冰丘。移动冰丘的形成演化与活动断裂、地下水运动、气温变化存在动力学成因联系,是青藏高原北部常年冻土地区内动力与外营力相互耦合的标志和产物。移动冰丘能够穿刺公路路基、拱曲破坏涵洞结构、导致桥梁墩台破裂和输油管道拱曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应,成为高寒环境地质灾害的重要类型。采用适当的工程措施,通过疏导、排放地下泉水,能够有效地防治移动冰丘及灾害效应。     

Post-Collisional Ductile Extensional Tectonic Framework in the UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Dabie-Sulu Region, China

The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the mul     

Culm Plants from Northern Kuangtung

正 In February 1943 some valuable specimens of plant fossils were collected by the members of the Geological Survey of Kuangtung and Kuangsi from a coal series in     

Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of inflow of mine water in Wang’ershan Gold Mine, Shandong

Through a systematic observation of water level and temperature, and a comprehensive analysis of the data on major/trace elements, nitrite, hydrogen-oxygen isotopes, the conclusion has been drawn that there are two relatively independent groundwater systems (cool water and hot water), and the geochemical indicators of hot/cool waters are described. The cool water system is relatively enriched in Ca2 , Mg2 and HCO3-. Its TDS is relatively low, about 1400–1800 mg/L. The hot water system is relatively enriched in K , Na , Cl- and SO42-. Its TDS is relatively high, about 2200–2300 mg/L. The cool water system is enriched in Ba, Ga, Cd, and the hot water system is enriched in B, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Rb, and Cs, relatively. Especially, the contents of Rb and Cs in the hot water system are more than five times as high as those in the cool water system. The NO3- contents of cool water discharged from the gold mine are relatively high, and those of hot water are extremely low. The δD and δ18O values follow an increasing order of surface water>mine cool water>mine hot water. The cool water comes mainly from the lateral supply of phreatic water, while the hot water comes mainly from the vertical supply of deeply circulating structure-fracture water. The ratio of cool water over hot water was estimated to be about 1:1 by a water quality model..     

辽河油田地下水资源管理决策支持系统的设计

针对辽河油田地区地下水开采引起的降落漏斗形成及扩展、咸水入侵与水质污染等问题,已开展了大量研究。提出利用VB编程软件、MO组件在ArcView GIS和Access数据库的基础上建立一个集数据库管理、水质评价、水位和水量预测、空间分析等功能于一体的地下水资源管理决策支持系统的总体开发思路。该系统将信息管理与决策支持有效融合,在运用GIS功能的同时,嵌入专业模型,实现人机交互、信息共享。     

充分发挥岩土力学数值分析与解析方法的效能——第三届全国岩土力学数值分析与解析方法讨论会论文选登

岩土力学是力学学科的一个重要分支,也是一门应用性很强的工程学科。岩土介质作为一种地质材料,因不同的形成历史与条件,除物质组成不同外,还具有不同的微观、细观和宏观结构,这就使岩土介质与其他固体材料有着重大的差别。     

Contribution to the Marine Lower Triassic Fauna of Southern China

Early in 1936 Dr. T. K. Huang, Messrs. S. F. Sheng, I. Ting andK. S. Tsui during their field work in the Changhsing coal field, NWChekiang, found Scythic pelecypods and ammonoids in the so-calledChinglung limestone of that region. The discovery of Lower Triassic     

Textural and Geochemical Characteristics of Proglacial Sediments: A Case Study in the Foreland of the Nelson Ice Cap, Antarctica

This paper presents a detailed study on the textural and geochemical characteristics of the proglacial sediments near the edge of modern Nelson Ice Cap, Antarctica. The grain size distributions of the proglacial sediments are characteristic of glacigenic deposits, but very different from those of aeolian and lacustrine sediments. Moreover, the grain size distributions of the proglacial sediments are fractal with a dimension of about 2.9, and the fractal dimensions can be used as another summary statistical parameter for quantifying the relative amounts of coarse and fine materials. Correlations between the absolute element abundances of the proglacial sediments are very weak due to mineral partitioning and other effects of glacial processes, but correlations between the element/Rb ratios are statistically significant. This finding indicates that element/Rb ratios can be used to reduce or eliminate the effects of glacial processes, evaluate geochemical data and determine the sediment provenance in the for     

新生代西昆仑隆升的地层学和沉积学记录

西昆仑北坡的新生代沉积在很大程度上良好地记录了新生代西昆仑的隆升过程。区域性不整合面和沉积界面记录了隆升的阶段性；沉积环境变化反映了山体和盆地在格局上的变化；沉积物厚度、粒度变化显示了隆升的幅度和速率。就西昆仑的情况看，海相环境（塔里木海湾）由晚白垩世持续到渐新世，尽管此时海湾已退缩到西部。在此期间，形成了石膏层、瓣鳃类介壳灰岩和杂色砂泥质沉积。中新世全面出现了陆相沉积。中新世2000－3000m的沉积厚度表明了相对较高的隆升速率。从中新世后期开始的厚达2000－3000m的磨拉石沉积，其粒度向上加大，显示从中新世后期到早更新世隆升速率高而且是加速的。磨拉石沉积被早更新世的一次强烈的构造脉动所打断，它使磨拉石沉积和较老的沉积在许多地方高角度向盆地方向倾斜甚至直立、倒转。水平盖在磨拉石和更老地层之上的中－晚更新世河流和冲积扇机粗粒沉积是重新隆升的标志，亦可视为磨拉石沉积的继续。由昆仑山流向塔里木盆地的河流将中－上更新统及更老沉积切割50－100m以上，表明全新世以来的隆升速率是相当高的。