全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1116篇 |
免费 | 188篇 |
国内免费 | 311篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 51篇 |
大气科学 | 277篇 |
地球物理 | 307篇 |
地质学 | 490篇 |
海洋学 | 189篇 |
天文学 | 57篇 |
综合类 | 119篇 |
自然地理 | 125篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 62篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 57篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 56篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1615条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Abstract We consider the growth of disturbances to large-scale zonally-asymmetric steady states in a truncated spectral model for forced and dissipated barotropic flow. A variant of the energy method is developed to optimize the instantaneous disturbance energy growth rate. The method involves solving a matrix eigenvalue problem amenable to standard numerical techniques. Two applications are discussed. (1) The global stability of a family of steady states is assessed in terms of the Ekman damping coefficient r. It is shown that monotonic global stability (i.e., every disturbances energy monotonically decays to zero) prevails when r≥rc . (2) Initially fastest-growing disturbances are constructed in the r<rc regime. Particular attention is paid to a subregion of the r<rc regime where initially-growing disturbances exist despite stability with respect to normal modes. Nonlinear time-dependent simulations are performed in order to appraise the time evolution of various disturbances. 相似文献
42.
A number of studies have showed that the mass removal rates of phosphorus (P) in different constructed wetlands (CWs) varied significantly, and it is essential to quantify the contributions of major P removal processes in order to improve system design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and water temperature on P removal from polluted river water and to quantify the contributions of different P removal pathways in surface CWs. Results showed that the average total P removal rates ranged between 2.69 and 20.84 mg/(m2 day) in different seasons and were influenced significantly by vegetation, HRT, and water temperature. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 4.81–22.33% of P input, while media storage contributed 36.16–49.66%. Other P removal processes such as microbiota uptake removed around 0.26–4.13%. Media storage and plant uptake were identified as the main P removal processes in surface CWs treating polluted river water. This illustrated the importance of selecting media and plants in CWs for future practical application. 相似文献
43.
Jun Guo Jianzhong Zhou Lixiang Song Qiang Zou Xiaofan Zeng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(4):985-1004
Assessment of parameter and predictive uncertainty of hydrologic models is an essential part in the field of hydrology. However, during the past decades, research related to hydrologic model uncertainty is mostly done with conceptual models. As is accepted that uncertainty in model predictions arises from measurement errors associated with the system input and output, from model structural errors and from problems with parameter estimation. Unfortunately, non-conceptual models, such as black-box models, also suffer from these problems. In this paper, we take the artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall-runoff model as an example, and the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm (SCEM-UA) is employed to analysis the parameter and predictive uncertainty of this model. Furthermore, based on the results of uncertainty assessment, we finally arrive at a simpler incomplete-connection artificial neural network (ICANN) model as well as with better performance compared to original ANN rainfall-runoff model. These results not only indicate that SCEM-UA can be a useful tool for uncertainty analysis of ANN model, but also prove that uncertainty does exist in ANN rainfall-runoff model. Additionally, in some way, it presents that the ICANN model is with smaller uncertainty than the original ANN model. 相似文献
44.
45.
新疆乌伦古富碱侵入岩成因探讨 总被引:51,自引:3,他引:51
对沿乌伦古深断裂分布的钠闪石花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、闪长岩、碱性正长岩等富碱侵入体进行了较系统的岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学及O、Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成研究,确认它们为一类幔源重熔分异型富碱侵入岩类。在分析其物质来源、形成构造环境和成岩条件等特征基础上,用部分熔融、多阶段分离结晶和分离结晶-地壳混染等模型探讨了其成岩机理。 相似文献
46.
利用多源卫星散射计和辐射计构建高时间分辨率的海面风遥感数据集是当前海洋遥感研究的热点。本文针对2019年同时期在轨运行的卫星散射计和辐射计,利用浮标数据和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)第五代大气再分析数据(ERA5),定量评估了不同传感器获取的海面风速数据的误差特性和标定系数,阐明不同卫星遥感海面风单位误差相对大小,为多源卫星海面风场融合、同化等定量应用提供技术支撑。与常用的中性参考风相比,微波散射计和辐射计反演的风速更适合用等效应力风解释,以便实现卫星遥感数据的优化应用。现有微波散射计和辐射计遥感的海面风速与浮标和ERA5等效应力风在总体上具有良好的一致性,但在高风速条件下(风速大于20 m/s)呈明显的偏差。本文提出的一种用于风速误差横向对比的指示因子,实现了散射计与辐射计风速相对误差估计,为多源数据同化应用中的误差设置提供重要的参考。结果表明:5种散射计风速固有误差介于0.40~0.73之间,5种微波辐射计的风速固有误差介于0.86~1.23。总体而言,在0~20 m/s风速范围内,散射计的风速精度优于辐射计。 相似文献
47.
48.
Pure luminosity evolution models for galaxies provide an unacceptable fit to the redshifts and colors of faint galaxies. In
this paper we demonstrate, using HST morphological number counts derived both from the I
814-band of WFPC2 in the Medium Deep Survey (MDS) and the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and from the H
1.6-band of NICMOS, and ground-based spectroscopic data of the Hawaii Deep Field and the Canada-France Redshift Survey, that
number evolution is necessary for galaxies, regardless of whether the cosmic geometry is flat, open, or Λ-dominated. Furthermore,
we show that the number evolution is small at redshifts of z<1, but large at z>1, and that this conclusion is valid for all the three cosmological models under consideration. If the universe is open or
Λ-dominated, the models, which are subject to the constraint of the conservation of the comoving mass density of galaxies,
naturally predict a population of star-forming galaxies with the redshift distribution peaking at z=2∼ 3, which seems to be consistent with the recent findings from Lyman-break photometric selection techniques. If the cosmological
model is flat, however, the conservation of the comoving mass density is invalid. Hence, in order to account for the steep
slope of B-band number counts at faint magnitudes in the flat universe, such a star-forming galaxy population has to be introduced ad
hoc into the modelling alongside the merger assumption.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
49.
50.
A brief account of the development of the research on mining earthquakes and the general situation of the Mentougou Coal Mine medium-scale experiment field for earthquake prediction and the project of monitor and prediction is given. The differences of waveforms between mining earthquakes and natural earthquakes is discussed. The magnitude-frequency distribution of the 79 000 mining earthquakes of overM l 1. 0 from 1984 to 1995 is summarized. Finally, taking PH and PV, the principal compressive stress components of the focal mechanism of the mining earthquakes, as the criteria, analyses the stress background of the 12 large mining earthquakes. 相似文献