埃尔尼诺/南方涛动现象与年际气候变化

以埃尔尼诺/南方涛动(El Nino/Southern Oscillation)为中心的热带海气相互作用的研究,是具有明确应用前景的重要科学问题,是当前地球科学中发展最快的领域之一.本文论述了热带海气相互作用的特点及其与年际气候变化的关系;总结了这一领域研究发展的四个阶段和近十年来的主要进展;提出了尚待解决的主要科学问题和发展前景.     

The occurrence and geochemistry of Di - and trimethyl - 2- (4,8,12 trimethyltridecyl) chromans and benzohopanes in Fushun cannel coal,Northeast China

The distribution of methyl-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chromans (M - MTTC) is related to sedimentary environments. 5,7,8 - tri-Me-MTTC, 5,8 -di - Me-MTTC and 7,8 - di - Me - MTTC have been found in coal for the first time, implying that M-MTTC is widely spread in sediments.The distribution of M - MTTC. the presence of C₃₂—C₃₅ benzohopanes, high Pr/Ph ratio, obvious even - odd predominance in C₂₄—C₃₄ alkanes and odd-even predominance in normal alkanes provide strong evidence of a near - shore lacustrine environment.     

北京西山黄山店深层滑覆体的厘定

在北京西山首次发现了比较大型的推覆构造。此发现对于重新认识该区的构造演化,将有重大意义。     

中国大陆地幔对流格局和岩石圈层构造运动

六十年代以来,由于卫星重力测量和计算技术的迅速发展,有些研究者,如Runcorn(1967)和Liu(1976-1980),根据卫星重力数据计算获得地幔对流及其应力场图象来研究全球板块构造和区域构造。愈来愈多的事实表明,构造运动不仅是地壳和岩石圈层物质运动的表现,而更重要的是地幔物质运动的反映。因此,本文应用作者计算获得的岩石圈层下面地幔流运动图象与大地构造及近代构造运动的资料相对比,探索我国岩石圈层下的地幔对流格局形成及其对构造运动的影响。     

基础测绘E00数据的质量控制

随着江苏省基础测绘工作的深入开展，江苏省基础地理信息数据库的建立，为数据库提供高质量的空间数据迫在眉捷，本文介绍了运用EPSCAN2000软件采集数据后，在ARC／INFO和ARCVIEW中进行入库数据检查、处理，获取符合入库要求的E00数据的方法与过程。     

利用RIEMS-LRM对黄河河川径流的模拟研究

利用区域系统环境集成模式(RIEMS）和一个offline的大尺度汇流模型(LRM)对黄河的河川径流做了模拟。中国科学院大气物理所东亚中心从1991年开始建立和发展RIEMS，并验证RIEMS对东亚区域气候有较好的模拟能力。LRM是以线性时基不变假定为基础并能够计算水的水平传输的数学模型。RIEMS—LRM可以用来模拟和预测大尺度河流的河川径流。RIEMS—LRM在黄河上游河段的应用证实其有能力对大尺度河流的河川径流进行模拟。此外，作还分析了模拟误差产生的原因。     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90°E is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2 ± 1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1 ± 0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8 ± 1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8 ± 2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

昆仑多岛弧盆系及泛华夏大陆的增生

自从Rodinia超大陆在晚元古代解体之后,冈瓦纳大陆群与泛华夏大陆群间从晚元古代至中生代始终存在一大洋-特提斯洋。从早古生代至中生代,特提斯洋分三个阶段向泛华夏陆块群俯冲,形成了弧后扩张、弧陆碰撞和弧前增生。弧后盆地扩张到达小洋盆,出现蛇绿混杂岩。由于早期大陆边缘已向南发生了增生,继后的弧后扩张和前锋弧的位置也就相应地向南迁移了。因而蛇绿岩带、岩浆岩带会出现多条,且从北向南时代有从老变新的趋势。由于陆缘向南裂离,并到达高纬度位置,或者如洋岛的生成,随着洋壳的消减速、俯冲,高纬度的沉积体向低纬度的不断增生,这样就出现了生物的冷暖型混生。且从泛华夏陆块群或从冈瓦纳大陆群裂离的块体不能越过大洋中脊拼合在另一大陆块体上。因此,泛华夏大陆的西南缘-昆仑带只是在弧后海底扩张、弧-弧碰撞、弧-陆碰撞的多岛弧造山作用、向南不断增生过程中形成的。     

1999～2002年地震预报研究进展

回顾了中国在1999~2002年开展地震预测、预报研究的进展. 重点回顾了在此期间利用地震学、形变、电磁、流体和综合5类学科方法开展中短期地震预报研究的成果，以及这些成果在地震预报实践中的探索性应用.      

SMA-1强震仪原理及特殊故障维修

美国生产的SMA—1强震仪在我国的应用较为广泛，因使用多年，故障率逐年递增。从仪器的工作原理入手，简略介绍了常见故障的维修和仪器的改进方法。改进的仪器，经三年多的考验，运行正常。