2008年攀枝花6.1级地震序列精定位

利用四川和云南区域数字地震台网震相到时资料,并结合Hypo2000+Hypo DD对2008年8月30日攀枝花MS6.1地震序列进行了定位。定位结果表明,地震序列的震中在空间上呈近SN向展布,余震密集区长度约为30km,主震震源深度约为14km。序列深度的分布范围主要为0~4、5~20km,而4~5km范围显示为明显的少震层。沿序列长轴的深度剖面显示,余震区中段存在1个不规则的少震的"空区",为1955年634级地震的破裂区,该地震发生在空区的南端。分析认为,2008年8月30日攀枝花MS6.1地震是因汶川8.0级地震后的应力调整造成未破裂的小凹凸体发生破裂所致。余震密集分布区沿垂直于破裂长轴的两个剖面则显示了在其北端地震震源分布更深,且断层面向NW倾斜,与已知的红格断裂的倾向一致。     

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in different types of sand dune in the Mu Us Sandy Land,adjacent to north of Chinese Loess Plateau

The distribution of soil moisture in arid and semiarid regions is a major environmental factor and is regulated by regional topography, vegetation and soil texture. Here, we present the results of a study of the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in the Mu Us Sandy Land, which is the transitional area between the northwestern deserts and the Chinese Loess Plateau, in North China. Samples were taken from holes drilled to a depth of 4 m in 52 different microtopographic positions on different types of dune (bare dunes, shrub-covered dunes and tree-covered dunes). The sites were located in the northwestern margin, the central region and the southeastern margin. All samples were analyzed for moisture content and grain size distribution. The results show that: (1) for the same type of dune, the soil moisture content varies in different microtopographic positions. The soil moisture content on windward slopes is greater than on leeward slopes in the shrub-covered dunes and the tree-covered dunes, while this is the case in only some of the bare migratory sand dunes. In addition, the soil moisture content on leeward slopes is greater than on the corresponding windward slope. (2) The vegetation type and density have a large influence on the moisture content of sandy soils; specifically, the presence of shrubs and trees significantly affects the soil moisture content of windward and leeward slopes and the inter-dune lowland. (3) Soil moisture content is positively correlated with the clay and silt content of sandy soils. From northwest to southeast across the Mu Us Sandy Land, the silt and clay content increases gradually; however, in the case of dunes covered with planted trees, a peak in the content of fine-grained material occurs in the central region, while for shrub-covered sand dunes, the peak occurs in the southeastern margin. In addition, the correlation between soil moisture and soil grain size distribution of the three types of dunes varies from northwest to southeast. (4) The proportion of fine-grained material and the correlation between the content of fine-grained material and soil moisture are the two main factors influencing the soil moisture distribution of the different types of dune. A soil moisture concentration index can be used as a rough indicator of the distribution characteristics of soil moisture.     

可持续发展背景下的黑碳减排

 黑碳气溶胶是环境大气中浓度较低的一种气溶胶粒子组分,因其对光的吸收作用,及其对空气质量和人体健康的影响,而成为当前国际气候变化和环境研究中关注的热点问题之一。本文围绕黑碳的减排问题,介绍黑碳的来源、全球分布,讨论全球温室气体减排和区域空气质量控制对黑碳减排的影响,综述控制和改善燃烧条件、减少开放式生物质燃烧和黑碳封存等减排黑碳的措施。文章还分析了黑碳未能成为全球减排共识的原因,并对中国有关黑碳减排的政策选择提出了建议。     

雷电灾害风险评估中Pc因子选择方法

Pc因子是指雷电灾害风险评估中雷击建(构)筑物导致电气电子系统失效的概率参数值,该因子的选取方法直接影响评估结果的准确度.通过对Pc因子的分析,从概念出发,探讨定量计算该因子参数值的方法,得出结论:选取Pc因子的参数值既要依据国家标准判断分析电涌保护器(SPD)的设计合理性及SPD的保护局限性,又需要通过当地闪电定位历史资料的统计分析来确定雷电流峰值的分布概率;Pc值的选取应在确保评估对象SPD设计科学、有效的基础上,通过分析评估位置雷电流峰值概率,判断SPD的保护概率,以定量确定Pc因子的参数值.     

GPCP和TRMM PR热带月平均降水的差异分析

文中利用GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project)和TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Missio) PR(Precipitation Radar)资料,分析了1998～2002年热带地区月平均降水的差异及其主要原因.结果表明,GPCP和TRMM PR资料能一致地反映热带降水的主要分布特征,但降水的强度和范围存在着差异;两种资料的差异与雨强有密切关系;平均而言,洋面上的降水差异(0.5 mm/d)大于陆地上的差异(0.1 mm/d).微波发射信号(SSM/I E)的反演结果对洋面降水的高估和地面雨量计的缺乏,是造成两种资料间差异的主要原因.分析结果还表明,洋面上GPCP降水相对于PR降水的最大概率差异随雨强增大呈线性增大;陆地上这种差异则呈非线性关系.文中最后还利用最大概率函数对1979～1997年GPCP气候平均降水的误差进行了分析.     

电偶源频率电磁测深中的静位移现象及视电阻率曲线的畸变

以电偶源频率电磁测深 (FEMS)二维数字模拟为例 ,从理论上简略讨论了波区定义的 5种视电阻率的变化特征及静位移现象 ,定性分析了表面局部水平非均匀体对视电阻率曲线畸变的影响 .     

北部湾6.1,6.2级地震的震源参数和Qp值特征

利用中国数字地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）琼中台短周期垂直向Ｐ波数字地震资料，研究了１９９４年１２月北部湾６．１、６．２级地震的震源特征，并对震情趋势作出估计。研究表明，北部湾地震的余震应力降和介质ＱＰ值分别为３．６５×１０５Ｐａ和２８５，在震区附近发生更大地震的可能性不大；在东方小震群区，测定的应力降和介质ＱＰ值分别为１．６５×１０５Ｐａ和２６６，符合小震群震源特征；在琼东北地区，应力降不高，ＱＰ值为１９０；海南岛东南的陵水及其海域应力降也不高，ＱＰ值为４８０。这两个地区均存在着孕育较大地震的介质条件，特别是琼东北地区。