Towards a rapid assessment of highway slope disasters by using multidisciplinary techniques

Mega-earthquakes and extreme climate events accompanied by intrinsic fragile geology lead to numerous landslides along mountain highways in Taiwan, causing enormous life and economic losses. In this study, a system for rapid slope disaster information integration and assessment is proposed with the aim of providing information on landslide occurrence, failure mechanisms, and subsequent landslide-affected areas to the highway authority rapidly. The functionality of the proposed system is deployed into three units: (1) geohazard rapid report (GeoPORT I), (2) multidisciplinary geological survey report (GeoPORT II), and (3) site-specific landslide simulation report (GeoPORT III). After landslide occurrence, the seismology-based monitoring network rapidly provides the initial slope disaster information, including preliminary location, event magnitude, earthquake activity, and source dynamics, within an hour. Within 3 days of the landslide, a multidisciplinary geological survey is conducted to collect high-precision topographical, geological, and remote-sensing data to determine the possible failure mechanism. After integrating the aforementioned information, a full-scale three-dimensional landslide simulation based on the discrete element method is performed within 10 days to reveal the failure process and to identify the areas potentially affected by subsequent disasters through scenario modeling. Overall, the proposed system can promptly provide comprehensive and objective information to relevant authorities after the event occurrence for hazard assessment. The proposed system was validated using a landslide event in the Central Cross-Island Highway of Taiwan.

     

黄河上游物质在新近纪未流入晋陕峡谷*

河流的出现是其流域内构造活动和气候变化综合作用的结果。晋陕峡谷位于黄河上游和中游的衔接部位,对于研究上游黄河何时进入晋陕峡谷具有无可替代的地理位置优势。目前对于黄河何时进入晋陕峡谷一直存有较大争议,存在中新世、上新世和更新世几种主要观点。基于此,作者对晋陕峡谷北段新近纪地层开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析和沉积相观察。首次报道了磨扇沟、大烟墩、高家窨子3个剖面270颗碎屑锆石 U-Pb 年龄结果。通过和区域内潜在源区进行对比,以及古流向都是自东向西的现象,判定磨扇沟和大烟墩2个剖面的物质来自近源的吕梁山北段; 高家窨子剖面底部的砂岩流向为自南向北,其物源区来自鄂尔多斯地块北部中生代地层。结合这些地层已经报道的古地磁年龄,认为晋陕峡谷北段在6.2~3.7 Ma期间以近源堆积为主,是对青藏高原隆升远程效应和东亚夏季风增强的沉积响应,而和黄河上游物质不存在物源联系。     

全球业务化海洋预报系统进展

全球业务化海洋预报系统可为海洋防灾减灾、航行安全、生态系统保护和海上搜救等提供预报服务。海面风是驱动海浪的源,因此提供海浪业务预报服务的国家/机构一般与数值天气预报结合在一起开展。详细介绍了基于WAVEWATCH III?和WAM模式构造的全球海浪业务预报系统的参数配置。重点介绍了基于混合坐标海洋模式、欧洲海洋核心模式和模块化海洋模式开发的全球海洋环流业务预报系统的组成和参数配置。概述了基于社区海冰代码和新鲁汶海冰模式构造以及与海洋环流预报系统耦合在一起的海冰业务预报系统。最后对全球业务化海洋预报系统的发展方向进行了展望。     

Comparative performance of eight ensemble learning approaches for the development of models of slope stability prediction

Acta Geotechnica - Slope engineering is a complex nonlinear system. It is difficult to respond with a high level of precision and efficiency requirements for stability assessment using conventional...     

Accelerated weathering of hydrophobized sands

Acta Geotechnica - Hydrophobized sands have been suggested as materials for hydraulic barriers in infrastructure. When placed at the interface ground–atmosphere, environmental factors such as...     

Determination of total sulfur in geothermal water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources. In most situations, it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water. In this study, the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content — the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur. It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1 200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height, 0.30 MPa atomizer pressure, and 50 r/min analytical pump speed. The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method. Using this method, sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L, respectively, whilst the linear range was 0.0–100.0 mg/L. The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67% and 108.7%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.36% and 2.14%. The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method. With high analysis efficiency, the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and accuracy, and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.     

鄂西宜昌斜坡带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩优势岩相及其生气潜力

【研究目的】不同页岩岩相的矿物组分、含气性和可压性等的差异,决定不同岩相的开发潜力不同,页岩岩相的划分及评价对找寻页岩气勘探开发甜点具有重要指导意义。【研究方法】基于钻井、岩心和分析测试资料,综合利用地质理论结合硅质矿物-黏土矿物-碳酸盐矿物含量三端元图解,对鄂西宜昌斜坡带上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组下段含气页岩岩相进行划分,结合有机碳含量、含气量、岩心镜下特征等划分优势岩相。优选有机质丰度、硅质矿物含量、黏土矿物含量3项指标与页岩含气量进行相关性分析,建立了五峰组—龙马溪组含气页岩优势岩相的分级标准。【研究结果】研究区优势岩相均为II类优势岩相,II₁类（最优）优势岩相为S-2混合硅质页岩相和S-3含黏土硅质页岩相,位于龙马溪组一亚段和五峰组上段,厚6 m;II₂类（次优）优势岩相为S硅质页岩相,位于五峰组下段,厚4 m。【结论】宜昌斜坡带和涪陵地区具有相似的岩相垂向演化序列,优势岩相均位于五峰组—龙马溪组一亚段,但同一岩相组合的页岩厚度和品质差异较大,发生在鲁丹阶早期的湘鄂西水下隆起和鲁丹阶晚期的水下隆起是造成宜昌地区优势岩相的厚度和品质均要差于涪陵地区的主要原因。创新点：建立五峰组—龙马溪组含气页岩优势岩相的分级标准,提出龙马溪组一亚段和五峰组是优势岩相发育层位。     

考虑含水率影响的结构性黄土临界状态模型

根据不同初始含水率原状黄土结构性演化规律,基于临界状态土力学理论,以应力、初始含水率和应变为基本变量,提出了一个可以反映原状黄土结构性演化规律及软化特性的临界状态本构模型。模型通过对比不同初始含水率下重塑与原状黄土等向压缩曲线,建立了不同含水率下原状黄土的结构性参数及其演化方程。此外,模型采用非相关联流动法则,以剪胀方程的形式来求解塑性偏应变。模型共计9个材料参数,均可由压缩试验和常规三轴剪切试验求得。通过与已有试验数据的对比发现,本模型不仅可以较好地体现初始含水率对原状黄土结构强度、变形特性以及结构破坏规律的影响,而且能较为合理地预测原状黄土的硬化及软化特性。所建立的结构性黄土临界状态模型为深化黄土力学特性研究提供了可能,同时为有效计算黄土地基湿陷变形提供了一定的理论依据。     

青藏高原腹地各拉丹冬南北坡多年冻土考察初步结果

青藏高原唐古拉山南北两侧在地形地貌、地理和气候特征上存在显著差异,多年冻土的发育状况和特征也明显不同。受第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究等项目资助,多年冻土对亚洲水塔的影响专题考察分队分别于2019年和2020年的10—11月对唐古拉山各拉丹冬南侧的色林错上游扎加藏布源区（简称“湖源区”）和北侧的长江上游沱沱河源区（简称“江源区”）进行了多年冻土野外考察。利用钻探、坑探、地球物理勘探等方法对多年冻土的分布边界、多年冻土剖面的地层、地下冰等特征进行了描述和取样,同步构建了多年冻土温度和活动层水热观测网络,为多年冻土对亚洲水塔影响的机理分析、数值模拟以及情景预估提供数据保障。对野外调查资料的初步分析认为,各拉丹冬南北两坡地层沉积类型和地下冰赋存状态存在明显差异,北坡多年冻土的热稳定性、地下冰含量、冰缘地貌类型多样性均高于南坡,但由于受到构造地热、河流融区等多种因素的影响,北坡的冻土分布形式更为复杂。江源区100 m钻孔剖面揭示了连续分布的、厚度大于50 m的地下冰;在该区域发现了多年生冻胀丘分布群,并利用钻探和地球物理勘探方法对该区域规模最大、结构最完整的冰核型冻胀丘进行了较为系统的勘察剖析。两次野外调查工作共采集钻孔岩心、表层土壤、冰水等各类样本近1.2万件,为后期区域冻土理化指标分析,冻土环境化学、古气候环境研究的开展奠定基础。