An Analytical Footprint Model For Non-Neutral Stratification

We propose an analytical model for the so-called footprint of scalar fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer. It is the generalization of formulations already given in the literature, which allows to account for thermal stability. Our model is only marginally more complicated than these, and it is therefore simple enough to be applicable for a routine footprint analysis within long-term measurements. The mathematical framework of our model is a stationary gradient diffusion formulation with height-independent crosswind dispersion. It uses the solution of the resulting two-dimensional advection – diffusion equation for power law profiles of the mean wind velocity and the eddy diffusivity. To find the adjoint Monin–Obukhov similarity profile, we propose two different approaches, a purely analytical one and a simplenumerical error minimalization.     

从多岛弧盆系构造看西特提斯造山系构造演化

本文通过综述近年西特提斯带主要缝合带的研究进展及所代表洋盆的发育特征,提出了古特提斯缝合带可能的位置和俯冲消亡方式.结合区域资料探讨了西特提斯带古生代末—中生代洋陆构造格局,认为东、西古特提斯洋完全可以类比,自晚古生代末西特提斯带主要受古特提斯大洋双向俯冲制约,在俯冲带后缘以二叠纪裂谷带为基础逐渐发展成中生代多岛弧盆系...     

Rare earth element geochemistry of the Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit, Hunan Province, South China

The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China, is hosted by Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks, a turbiditic sequence of slightly metamorphosed (greenschist facies), gray-green and purplish red graywacke, siltstone, sandy slate, and slate. The mineralization occurs predominantly (> 70%) as stratabound/stratiform ore layers and subordinately as stringer stockworks. The former consists of rhythmically interbedded, banded to finely laminated stibnite, scheelite, quartz, pyrite and silty clays, whereas the latter occurs immediately beneath the stratabound ore layers and is characterized by numerous quartz + pyrite + gold + scheelite stringer veins or veinlets that are typically either subparallel or subvertical to the overlying stratabound ore layers. The deposit has been the subject of continued debate in regard to its genesis. Rare earth element geochemistry is used here to support a sedimentary exhalative (sedex) origin for the Woxi deposit. The REE signatures of the metasedimentary rocks and associated ores from the Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit remained unchanged during post-depositional processes and were mainly controlled by their provenance. The original ore-forming hydrothermal fluids, as demonstrated by fluid inclusions in quartz from the banded ores, are characterized by variable total REE concentrations (3.5 to 136 ppm), marked LREE enrichment (La_N/Yb_N = 28–248, ∑LREE/∑HREE = 16 to 34) and no significant Eu-anomalies (Eu/Eu = 0.83 to 1.18). They were most probably derived from evolved seawater that circulated in the clastic sediment pile and subsequently erupted on the seafloor. The bulk banded ores are enriched in HREE (La_N/Yb_N = 4.6–11.4, ∑LREE/∑HREE = 3 to 14) and slightly depleted in Eu (Eu/Eu = 0.63 to 1.14) relative to their parent fluids. This is interpreted as indicating the influence of seawater rather than a crystallographic control on REE content of the ores. Within a single ore layer, the degree of HREE enrichment tends to increase upward while the total REE concentrations decrease, reflecting greater influence and dilution of seawater. There is a broad similarity in chondrite-normalized REE patterns and the amount of REE fractionation of the banded ores in this study and exhalites from other sedex-type polymetallic ore deposits, suggesting a similar genesis for these deposits. This conclusion is in agreement with geologic evidence supporting a syngenetic (sedex) model for the Woxi deposit.     

造山带挤出构造

挤出构造模式已经从二维变形进入三维变形研究，在喜马拉雅造山带，高喜马拉雅结晶地体沿北倾的主中央逆冲断层和北倾 的绒布寺正断层，表现为相对刚性体之间的韧性体的楔状挤出。非连续介质大变形有限元数值模拟结果为这一模式提供了力学依据。在前人工作的基础上，提出了东阿尔卑斯三维管状挤出模式，将上部脆性层划分出北部左行平移带，南部右行平移带和中部挤出楔，中部韧性层在南阿尔卑斯和欧洲前陆碰撞过程中，既有垂向挤出，也有侧向挤出，在平行缩短方向的剖面上，由箱状背形隆起演化成逆－逆断层组合的楔状挤出，形成三角断面的管状，在垂直缩短方向的剖面上，中部韧性层呈不均匀流动，形成管状层流－韧性层中心为纯剪切，上部和侧部为简单剪切，在陕甘川邻接区，由于祁连山－北秦岭加里东喧向南的推挤和川西前陆的刚性阻挡，造成西秦岭和东松潘－甘孜复合造山体的三维滑脱挤出，以北西西向玛曲－略阳滑脱逆冲断裂和北东向青川一茂县滑脱逆冲断裂为界，将陕甘川邻接区的三维滑脱挤出复合造山体划分为西秦岭滑脱挤出带，摩天岭0若尔盖滑脱挤出楔和龙门山滑脱挤出逆冲椎覆带，以近南北向岷江滑脱逆冲断裂为界将滑脱挤出楔进一步划分成摩天岭滑脱挤出体和苦尔盖滑脱挤出体，除了不同构造单元的不均匀隆升外，摩天岭还表现出向西的侧向挤出。     

Observations of chromospheric lines from OSO-8

The line profiles of L, Ca ii K and Mg iik were measured with the spectrometer of the Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planétaire on board of OSO-8. The results of these measurements are presented.Mitteilungen aus dem Kiepenheuer-Institut Nr. 181.     

Saturn: UBV photoelectric pinhole scans of the disk,II

During the 1980 Saturn apparition, calibrated UBV pinhole scans of the disk were obtained with a photoelectric area-scanning photometer. Point spread function data were also taken. Equatorial and polar scans were used to investigate the structure of the Satur atmosphere. The observational geometry was optimum. Not only was Saturn at opposition, but the ring system was essentially edge on to both the Sun and Earth. Our analysis indicates that the atmosphere of Saturn can be represented by a finite clear H₂ layer overlaying a semi-infinite absorbent aerosol haze. The extent of the clear H₂ region appears to be latitude dependent. The H₂ column density varies systematically from ～15 km-am over the equatorial and polar regions to ～ 31 km-am at temperate latitudes. The hemispheres of the planet are similar. Our earlier conclusion, that the aerosol haze is strongly absorbent in the ultraviolet, is confirmed; its effective U-band single-scattering albedo is ～0.4. Latitudinal disk structure at visual wavelengths appears to be the result of local variations in the volume density of absorbent particles in the aerosol layer.     

Uranus: Narrow-waveband disk profiles in the spectral region 6000 to 8500 Angstroms

New narrow-band (100 Å) photoelectric slit scan photometry of Uranus has been obtained in the spectral region 6000 to 8500 Å. Coarse radial intensity profiles in seven wavebands are presented. Measurements of the point spread function have been used to partially remove the effects of atmospheric seeing. Restoration of the Uranus image, with a spatial resolution limit ～0″.5 arc, has been achieved by means of analytical Fourier-Bessel inversion. Results of the investigation confirm earlier studies of limb brightening on the Uranus disk. But not all strong CH₄ absorption bands are found to exhibit limb brightening. Specifically, the CH₄ bands at 8000 and 8500 Å show pronounced apparent limb darkening. Polar brightening may be responsible for the phenomenon. If so, an aerosol haze with a local optical thickness ～0.5 or greater would be required. Visibility of the dense cloud layer located deep in the atmosphere might also cause apparent limb darkening. If so, the maximum permitted [CH₄/H₂] mixing ratio in the visible atmosphere would correspond to ～3 times the solar value.     

UBV photometry of Triton

UBV measurements of Triton relative to Neptune were obtained with an area-scanning photometer on 11 nights during the 1977 apparition. Observed orbital brightness variation shows that Triton is locked in synchronous rotation around Neptune. Its leading side, seen at greatest western elongation, is found to be 0.06 mag brighter than its trailing hemisphere.     

Das Silur von Böhmen

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Über röhrenförmige Lösungserscheinungen im Kalke bei Amt-Mitterbach bei St. ägyd am Neuwalde,Niederösterreich

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