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排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
91.
Franck POITRASSON Christian PIN Philippe TELOUK Jean Louis IMBERT 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1993,17(2):209-215
We report Nb and Ta data for 15 international silicate rock standards, obtained by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurement following decomposition with HF-HNOs-HCI.95 Moand185 Re were used as internal standards, and calibration lines were constructed with artificial solutions. Typical relative standard deviations are better than 10% above 0.2 μg/g, and detection limits for Nb and Ta are 40 and 0.8 ng/g, respectively. The results are generally in good agreement with published data. Moreover, this study points out the Nb-Ta heterogeneity of some standard reference materials on the 100 mg scale. 相似文献
92.
Surface rupture of the Cariaco July 09, 1997 earthquake on the El Pilar fault, northeastern Venezuela 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses the surface rupture of the Cariaco July 09, 1997 Ms 6.8 earthquake in northeastern Venezuela – located at 10.545°N and 63.515°W and about 10 km deep. The field reconnaissance of the ground breaks confirms that this event took place on the ENE–WSW trending onshore portion of the dextral El Pilar fault (between the Gulfs of Cariaco and Paria), which is part of the major wrenching system within the Caribbean–South America plate boundary zone. Dextral slip along this fault was further supported by the structural style of this rupture (en echelon right-lateral R shears connected by mole tracks at restraining stepovers) and by larger geometric complexities (pop-ups at Las Manoas and Guarapiche), as well as by the focal mechanism solutions determined for the event by several authors. This 1997 surface ruptre comprised two distinct sections, from west to east: (a) a main very conspicuous, continuous, 30-km-long, rather straight, 075°N-trending alignment of en echelon surface breaks, with a rather constant, purely dextral coseismic slip of about 25 cm, but reaching a maximum value of 40 cm slightly northwest of Pantoño; and (b) a secondary discontinuous, 10-km-long, boomerang-shaped rupture, with a maximum coseismic slip of 20 cm at Guarapiche. The onshore extent of the surface rupture totalled 36 km, but may continue westward underwater, as suggested by the very shallow aftershock seismicity. This aftershock activity also clearly defined the steep north dip of the fault plane along the western rupture, suggesting tectonic inheritance on this major fault.From many locals' accounts, the rupture seems to have propagated from Pantoño to the west (highly asymmetric bidirectionality). This suggests that earthquake nucleation happened at or near the Casanay–Guarapiche restraining bend and rupture quickly propagated westward, allowing only a small fraction to progress eastwards beyond the bend. Additionally, the large fraction of after-slip (or creep) released is to be related to such restraining bend, which seems to have partly locked slip during rupture. 相似文献
93.
Short‐lived collapse features affecting the intertidal sandy profile were observed on mud‐rich beaches in Cayenne. They were formed in packets of beach sand accumulating over thick (several metres) fluid to under‐consolidated foreshore mud, which adjusts to this sand loading by seaward and longshore migration of fluid mud and subsequent in situ mud dewatering, thus generating subsidence and deformation of the overlying sand sheet. These sandy collapse features required active longshore sand transport and were washed out by wave processes at each rising tide. They finally disappeared permanently as adjustment of the underlying mud enabled stabilization of the beach profile. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
This study was aimed at modeling, as realistically as possible, the dynamics and thermodynamics of the Iroise Sea by using
the Model for Applications at Regional Scale (MARS), a regional ocean 3D model. The horizontal resolution of the configuration
in use is 2 km with 30 vertical levels. The 3D model of the Iroise Sea is embedded in a larger model providing open boundary
conditions. As regards the atmospheric forcing, the originality of this study is to force the regional ocean model with the
high-resolution (6 km) regional meteorological model, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). In addition, as the air surface
temperature is highly sensitive to the sea surface temperature (SST), this regional meteorological model is improved by taking
into account a regional climatologic SST to compute meteorological parameters. By allowing a better coherence between the
SST and the temperature of the atmospheric boundary layer while giving a more realistic representation of heat fluxes exchanged
at the air/sea interface, this forcing constitutes a noticeable improvement of the Iroise Sea modeling. The different sensitivity
tests discussed here pinpoint the importance of entering, in WRF, SST data of sufficiently high quality before the computation
of meteorological forcing when the aim is a study of dynamics and thermodynamics far away from the coast. On the other hand,
when the target is the reproduction of coastal small-scale features in Iroise Sea modeling, the resolution of the meteorological
forcing and the quality of SST are both paramount. The simulation of reference was carried out throughout the Summer and Autumn
of year 2005 to allow comparisons with a campaign of surface current measurements by high-frequency radars conducted at the
same period. 相似文献
95.
Guruh Samodra Danang Sri Hadmoko Ghalih Nur Wicaksono Indriya Parahita Adi Maulana Yudinugroho Sandy Budi Wibowo Hatma Suryatmojo Taufik Hery Purwanto Barandi Sapta Widartono Franck Lavigne 《Landslides》2018,15(5):985-993
The Clapar landslide induced debris flow consisted of the Clapar landslide occurred on 24 March 2017 and the Clapar debris flow occurred on 29 March 2017. The first investigation of the Clapar landslide induced debris flow was carried out two months after the disaster. It was followed by UAV mapping, extensive interviews, newspaper compilation, visual observation and field measurements, and video analysis in order to understand chronology and triggering mechanism of the landslide induced debris flow in Clapar. The 24 March 2016 landslide occurred after 5 hours of consecutive rainfall (11,2 mm) and was affected by combination of fishponds leak and infiltration of antecedent rain. After five days of the Clapar landslide, landslide partially mobilized to form debris flow where the head scarp of debris flow was located at the foot of the 24 March 2016 landslide. The Clapar debris flow occurred when there was no rainfall. It was not generated by rainstorm or the surface erosion of the river bed, but rather by water infiltration through the crack formed on the toe of the 24 March 2016 landslide. Supply of water to the marine clay deposit might have increased pore water pressure and mobilized the soil layer above. The amount of water accumulated in the temporary pond at the main body of the 24 March 2016 landslide might have also triggered the Clapar debris flow. The area of Clapar landslide still shows the possibility of further retrogression of the landslide body which may induce another debris flow. Understanding precursory factors triggering landslides and debris flows in Banjarnegara based on data from monitoring systems and laboratory experiments is essential to minimize the risk of future landslide. 相似文献
96.
Maximiliano J. Bezada Michael Schmitz María Ins Jcome Josmat Rodríguez Franck Audemard Carlos Izarra the BOLIVAR Active Seismic Working Group 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,45(4-5):191-200
The Falcón Basin in northwestern Venezuela has a complex geological history driven by the interactions between the South American and Caribbean plates. Igneous intrusive bodies that outcrop along the axis of the basin have been associated with crustal thinning, and gravity modeling has shown evidence for a significantly thinned crust beneath the basin. In this study, crustal scale seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data derived from onshore/offshore active seismic experiments are interpreted and forward-modeled to generate a P-wave velocity model for a 450 km long profile. The final model shows thinning of the crust beneath the Falcón Basin where depth to Moho decreases to 27 km from a value of 40 km about 100 km to the south. A deeper reflected phase on the offshore section is interpreted to be derived from the downgoing Caribbean slab. Velocity values were converted to density and the resulting gravimetric response was shown to be consistent with the regional gravity anomaly. The crustal thinning proposed here supports a rift origin for the Falcón Basin. 相似文献
97.
Mireille Harmelin-Vivien Véronique Loizeau Capucine Mellon Beatriz Beker Denise Arlhac Xavier Bodiguel Franck Ferraton Rachel Hermand Xavier Philippon Chantal Salen-Picard 《Continental Shelf Research》2008
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (POM) in surface water and 63–200 μm-sized microphytoplankton collected at the fluorescence maximum were studied in four sites in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean), a marine area influenced by the Rhone River inputs, in May and November 2004. Some environmental (temperature, salinity) and biological (POM, Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments contents, phytoplankton biomass and composition) parameters were also analysed. Significantly different C and N isotopic signatures between surface water POM and microphytoplankton were recorded in all sites and seasons. Surface water POM presented systematically lower δ13C (∼4.2‰) and higher δ15N (∼2.8‰) values than those of microphytoplankton, due to a higher content of continental and detrital material. Seasonal variations were observed for all environmental and biological parameters, except salinity. Water temperature was lower in May than in November, the fluorescence maximum was located deeper and the Chlorophyll a content and the phytoplankton biomass were higher, along with low PON/Chl a ratio, corresponding to spring bloom conditions. At all sites and seasons, diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in abundance, whereas dinoflagellate importance increased in autumn particularly in coastal sites. C and N isotopic signatures of phytoplankton did not vary with season. However, the δ15N of surface water POM was significantly higher in November than in May in all sites likely in relation to an increase in 15N/14N ratio of the Rhone River POM which influenced surface water in the Gulf of Lions. As it is important to determine true baseline values of primary producers for analysing marine food webs, this study demonstrated that C and N isotopic values of surface water POM cannot be used as phytoplankton proxy in coastal areas submitted to high river inputs. 相似文献
98.
李海兵 Franck Valli 许志琴杨经绥 Paul Tapponnier Robin Lacassin 陈松永戚学祥 Marie-Luce Chevalier 《中国地质》2006,33(2):239-255
喀喇昆仑断裂的变形特征、形成时代、构造演化以及它的构造意义一直存在着争议。在喀喇昆仑断裂东南段阿伊拉日居山地区,沿断裂出露具右旋剪切应变的糜棱岩和糜棱岩化片麻岩-花岗岩,显微构造研究表明其存在高温右旋剪切变形特征,并伴随淡色同构造花岗岩的产生,同构造结晶锆石所记录的U-Pb同位素年龄,暗示了喀喇昆仑断裂的形成时代在23-25Ma以前,其连续变形作用持续到-12Ma,之后伴随阿伊拉日居山的快速隆升以及噶尔盆地开始形成。综合分析表明喀喇昆仑断裂生长过程可能是由南东向北西扩展的过程,是印度板块与欧亚大陆持续碰撞的结果。断裂的累积位移量至少为280km,其长期平均滑移速率约为11mm/a。通过块体间运动学分析,表明在-23-25Ma以后青藏高原物质以约16.2mmn/a的速率向-N108°方向挤出。 相似文献
99.
Régine?Mosser-RuckEmail author Isabella?Pignatelli Franck?Bourdelle Mustapha?Abdelmoula Odile?Barres Damien?Guillaume Delphine?Charpentier Davy?Rousset Michel?Cathelineau Nicolas?Michau 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(11):97
The smectite-to-chlorite conversion is investigated through long-duration experiments (up to 9 years) conducted at 300 °C. The starting products were the Wyoming bentonite MX80 (79 % smectite), metallic iron and magnetite in contact with a Na–Ca chloride solution. The predominant minerals in the run products were an iron-rich chlorite (chamosite like) and interstratified clays interpreted to be chlorite/smectite and/or corrensite/smectite, accompanied by euhedral crystals of quartz, albite and zeolite. The formation of pure corrensite was not observed in the long-duration experiments. The conversion of smectite into chlorite over time appears to take place in several steps and through several successive mechanisms: a solid-state transformation, significant dissolution of the smectite and direct precipitation from the solution, which is over-saturated with respect to chlorite, allowing the formation of a chamosite-like mineral. The reaction mechanisms are confirmed by X-ray patterns and data obtained on the experimental solutions (pH, contents of Si, Mg, Na and Ca). Because of the availability of some nutrients in the solution, total dissolution of the starting smectite does not lead to 100 % crystallization of chlorite but to a mixture of two dominant clays: chamosite and interstratified chlorite/smectite and/or corrensite/smectite poor in smectite. The role of Fe/(Fe + Mg) in the experimental medium is highlighted by chemical data obtained on newly formed clay particles alongside previously published data. The newly formed iron-rich chlorite has the same composition as that predicted by the geothermometer for diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic conditions, and the quartz + Fe-chlorite + albite experimental assemblage in the 9-year experiment is close to that fixed by water–rock equilibrium. 相似文献
100.
Variations in the response of the dune coast of northern France to major storms as a function of available beach sediment volume
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Adrien Crapoulet Arnaud Héquette Denis Marin Franck Levoy Patrice Bretel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(11):1603-1622
A series of airborne topographic LiDAR data were obtained from May 2008 to January 2014 over two coastal sites of northern France (Bay of Wissant and east of Dunkirk). These data were used with wind and tide gauge measurements to assess the impacts of storms on beaches and coastal dunes, and particularly of the series of major storms that hit western Europe during the fall and early winter of 2013. Our results show a high variability in shoreline response from one site to the other, but also within each coastal site. Coastal dune erosion and shoreline retreat occurred at both sites, particularly on the coast of the Bay of Wissant where shoreline retreat up to about 40 m was measured. However, stability or even shoreline advance were also observed despite the occurrence of an extreme water level with a return period >100 years during the storm Xaver in early December 2013. Comparison of shoreline change with variations of coastal dune and upper beach volumes revealed only weak relationships. Our results nevertheless showed that shoreline behavior seems to strongly depend on the initial sediment volume on the upper beach before the occurrence of the storms. According to our measurements, an upper beach volume of about 30 m3 m?1 between the dune toe and the mean high water level is sufficient at these sites to protect the coastal dunes from storm waves associated with high water levels with return periods >10 years. The identification of such thresholds in terms of upper beach width or sediment volume may represent valuable information for improving the management of shoreline change by providing an estimate of the minimum quantity of sand on the upper beach necessary to ensure shoreline stability in this region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献