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51.
Chunfang Cai Zengye Xie Richard H. Worden Guoyi Hu Lansheng Wang Hong He 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1265-1279
New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H2S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H2S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H2S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H2S concentrations and the isotopes, δ34S and δ13C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ34S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H2S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H2S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ34S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ34S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H2S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ13C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ13C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H2S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C. 相似文献
52.
DGPS RTK技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的应用初探 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文简要介绍了DGPS RTK技术的基本原理和作业流程,阐明了该技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的适用性,并以除六泾水文大断面的测量为例介绍了利用该技术进行工程实测的过程,通过对实测数据成果的分析,得出一些有益的结论。 相似文献
53.
杆状病毒感染越冬亲虾(Penaeus chenesis)的研究——越冬亲虾感染及其垂直传播的可能性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在中国对虾越冬亲虾中检出杆状病毒。经对病虾鳃、前中肠、卵巢组织进行电镜观察,在这些组织中发现大量有囊膜的杆状病毒。病毒粒子大小约为367nm×128nm,核衣壳为324nm×92nm。病毒在细胞内不形成包涵体,在核内或在细胞质的发生基质中装配。从病毒的形态特征、感染组织以及典型的发病症状和病理变化,初步认为亲虾感染的病毒与近年广泛报道的造成养殖对虾大规模流行病的主要原因——中国对虾杆状病毒为同一种。卵巢组织也是病毒的主要靶器官之一,亲虾卵巢组织的被感染暗示着该病毒有可能通过生殖细胞而垂直传播 相似文献
54.
55.
The ridge located between 31° S and 34°30′S is spreading at a rate of 35 mm yr−1, a transitional velocity between the very slow (≤20 mm yr−1) opening rates of the North Atlantic and Southwest Indian Oceans, and the intermediate rates (60 mm yr−1) of the northern limb of the East Pacific Rise, and the Galapagos and Juan de Fuca Ridges. A synthesis of multi-narrow beam,
magnetics and gravity data document that in this area the ridge represents a dynamically evolving system. Here the ridge is
partitioned into an ensemble of six distinct segments of variable lengths (12 to 100 km) by two transform faults (first-order
discontinuities) and three small offset (< 30 km) discontinuities (second-order discontinuities) that behave non-rigidly creating
complex and heterogeneous morphotectonic patterns that are not parallel to flow lines. The offset magnitudes of both the first
and second-order discontinuities change in response to differential asymmetric spreading. In addition, along the fossil trace
of second-order discontinuities, the lengths of abyssal hills located to either side of a discordant zone are observed to
lengthen and shorten creating a saw-toothed pattern. Although the spreading rate remains the same along the length of the
ridge studied, the morphology of the spreading segments varies from a deep median valley with characteristics analogous to
the rift segments of the North Atlantic to a gently rifted axial bulge that is indistinguishable from the shape and relief
of the intermediate rate spreading centers of the East Pacific Rise (i.e., 21°N). Like other carefully surveyed ridge segments
at slow and fast rates of accretion, the along-axis profiles of each ridge segment are distinctly convex upwards, and exhibit
along-strike changes in relief of 500m to 1500 between the shallowest portion of the segment (approximate center) and the
segment ends. Such spatial variations create marked along-axis changes in the morphology and relief of each segment. A relatively
low mantle Bouguer anomaly is known to be associated with the ridge segment characterized by a gently rifted axial bulge and
is interpreted to indicate the presence of focused mantle upwelling (Kuo and Forsyth, 1988). Moreover, the terrain at the
ends of each segment are known to be highly magnetized compared to the centers of each segment (Carbotte et al, 1990). Taken
together, these data clearly establish that these profound spatial variations in ridge segment properties between adjoining
segments, and along and across each segment, indicate that the upper mantle processes responsible for the formation of this
contrasting architecture are not solely related to passive upwelling of the asthenosphere beneath the ridge axis. Rather,
there must be differences in the thermal and mechanical structure of the crust and upper mantle between and along the ridge
segments to explain these spatial variations in axial topography, crustal structure and magnetization. These results are consistent
with the results of investigations from other parts of the ridge and suggest that the emplacement of magma is highly focused
along segments and positioned beneath the depth minimum of a given segment. The profound differences between segments indicate
that the processes governing the behavior of upwelling mantle are decoupled and the variations in the patterns of axis flanking
morphology and rate of accretion indicate that processes controlling upwelling and melt production vary markedly in time as
well. At this spreading rate and in this area, the accretionary processes are clearly three-dimensional. In addition, the
morphology of a ridge segment is not governed so much by opening rate as by the thermal structure of the mantle which underlies
the segment. 相似文献
56.
东海黑潮及琉球群岛以东海流研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
东海是西太平洋的一个边缘海,它西部有广阔的大陆架,东面以九州岛、琉球群岛(由奄美诸岛、冲绳诸岛、先岛诸岛组成)和台湾岛连线为界,具有较深的海槽。黑潮是一支高温、高盐、高流速的西边界流,它起源于菲律宾以东海域、流经台湾东岸进入东海,沿东海大陆架外缘向东北向流动,穿越吐噶喇海峡返回太平洋。通常的把自台湾东北端起至吐噶喇海峡一段称为东海黑潮。此外,在琉球群岛以东海域也常年存在一支稳定的西边界流,称为琉球海流。
对于东海黑潮和琉球海流的硏究,主要起步于20世纪80年代,通过进行中日联合调查研究、中日副热带环流调查研究等,取得了许多重要成果,苏纪兰(1994)、袁耀初(2000,Yuan,2006)、管秉贤(2002)等人都做过评述。本文基于以上研究评述,主要叙述200年以来对东海黑潮及琉球海流的硏究新进展。 相似文献
57.
Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract-Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980~1993)for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are an-alyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pa-cific Ocean is charcterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and theformer 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorialheat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addi-tion, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events inthe period (1980~1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1 相似文献
58.
INTRODUCTIONCryptomonasisunicellularbiflagellatewhichisacommongenusofCryptophyta .Thecellsareusuallystronglycompressedlaterally .ThereareoneortwolargeChloroplaststhatcontainchlorophylla ,c ,somecharacteristiccarotenoidsandphycobilinpigments (Huetal.,1 997;Wei… 相似文献
59.
盐渍洼地蟹种培育试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
盐渍洼地种蟹培育是解决成蟹养殖种苗来源的重要途径,文中介绍的幼蟹放养,饲养管理与水质控制,幼蟹生长率与土增重量的变化,蟹种成活率与回捕率等对蟹种池墉强化培育提供了经验与理论依据。 相似文献
60.
主要根据台湾海峡的实测海流资料,以夏、冬为代表季节,分析了台湾海峡2—3个纬向断面的海流结构,计算出各断面的海水通量。结果表明:夏季,台湾海峡中、北部海域各层的海流一般偏N向流动,N向的海水净通量为3.32×106m3·s-1;冬季,高温高盐的黑潮水和南海水由南向北经南部断面进入台湾海峡,其海水通量分别为1.69×106m3·s-1和0.59×106m3·s-1;而东海水由北向南通过北部断面进入台湾海峡,其海水通量为1.02×106m3·s-1,其中,有0.40×106m3·s-1的海水沿着福建和广东近岸流进南海,其余0.62×106m3·s-1的海水在台湾海峡北部混合后随同黑潮水和南海水流入东海。总之,流经台湾海峡的N向海水净通量为1.74×106m3·s-1。 相似文献