全文获取类型
收费全文 | 649篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 38篇 |
大气科学 | 86篇 |
地球物理 | 151篇 |
地质学 | 277篇 |
海洋学 | 69篇 |
天文学 | 34篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
自然地理 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 56篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1939年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有690条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
The Sinai Peninsula has attracted the attention of many geological and geophysical studies as it is influenced and bounded by major tectonic events. Those are (1) the Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic tectonically active opening of the Tethys, (2) the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary (Laramide) Syrian arc system, due to closing of the Tethys (3) the Oligo-Miocene Gulf of Suez rifted basin, and (4) the Late Miocene to Recent transform Dead Sea–Gulf of Aqaba rift. Additionally, the shear zones inside Sinai such as the Ragabet El-Naam and Minsherah-Abu Kandu Shear Zones. Each of these major tectonic events has affected dramatically the structure evolution of the northern Sinai area. The present paper estimates the 3D density contrast model using the gravity data of northern Sinai. The estimated 3D density contrast model elucidated the peculiarities of the main structural elements in the region. The estimated 3D density contrast model showed the high and low gravity anomalies that form the main mountains and main valleys in northern Sinai. The estimated low density zones are in agreement with the inferred faults resulting from the first horizontal derivative. Comparing the 3D model with the tectonic history of the region and the results of the first horizontal derivative and least square separation increased the reliability of the model. 相似文献
102.
Fernando Gázquez José María Calaforra Paolo Forti Heather Stoll Bassam Ghaleb Antonio Delgado‐Huertas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(10):1345-1353
Speleothems are usually composed of thin layers of calcite (or aragonite). However, cemented detrital materials interlayered between laminae of speleothemic carbonate have been also observed in many caves. Flowstones comprising discontinuous carbonate layers form due to flowing water films, while flood events introduce fluviokarstic sediments in caves that, on occasion, are recorded as clayey layers inside flowstones and stalagmites. This record provides a potential means of understanding the frequency of palaeofloods using cave records. In this work, we investigate the origin of this type of detrital deposit in El Soplao Cave (Northern Spain). The age of the lowest aragonite layer of a flowstone reveals that the earliest flood period occurred before 500 ka, though most of the flowstone formed between 422 +69/‐43 ka and 400 +66/‐42 ka. This suggests that the cave was periodically affected by palaeoflood events that introduced detrital sediments from the surface as a result of occasional extreme rainfall events, especially at around 400 ka. The mineralogical data enable an evolutionary model for this flowstone to be generated based on the alternation of flood events with laminar flows and carbonate layers precipitation that can be extrapolated to other caves in which detrital sediments inside speleothems have been found. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
This paper presents the combination of two complementary methods, magnetic and joint inversion of resistivity/TEM data, as
an effective approach to characterize groundwater reservoirs. Twenty stations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) and vertical
electrical soundings (VES) were measured and interpreted using a joint inversion technique to evaluate the subsurface low
resistivity zones connected to the groundwater reservoir. A complementary survey including 871 land magnetic stations was
carried out at the same area to detect the upper surface of the basaltic sheet, which represents the bottom of the Miocene
aquifer in the study area. The geological log from one borehole drilled in the zone was used to partially calibrate the calculated
models. The results revealed that the study area consists of five different geological units with ages ranging from Paleogene
(Oligocene) to Quaternary. The methodology provides good results at a very low cost when compared with drilling boreholes. 相似文献
104.
Richard J. Lisle Jesús Aller Fernando Bastida Nilo C. Bobillo-Ares Noel C. Toimil 《地学学报》2009,21(1):14-20
Neutral surface folding is a significant contributor to fold development. This mechanism produces contrasting strains in the inner and outer arcs of the folded layer that arise from principal stress orientations that are approximately parallel and perpendicular to the layer. We demonstrate that such stress patterns imply significant gradients of mean stress across the folding layer, being more tensional on the outer arc and more compressive in the inner arc. This could pump fluids towards the outer arc during folding and result in heterogeneous volume changes. We conclude that the neutral surface folding model should be adapted to accommodate volumetric strains, in order to explain dilatational structures (e.g. open fractures, veining) on the extrados and volume-loss structures (e.g. pressure solution seams, stylolitic cleavages) on the intrados. This dilatation has economic implications as it allows prediction of sites of mineralization and zones of secondary permeability in fold-related hydrocarbon traps. 相似文献
105.
This investigation is an analysis of the influence of landform instability on the distribution of land-use dynamics in a hydrographical basin, located in the Mexican Volcanic Belt mountain range (central Mexico), currently affected by substantial changes in land use and deforestation. A landform map was produced, in addition to seven attribute maps - altimetry, drainage density, slope, relief energy, potential erosion, geology and tectonics - which were considered as factors for determining landform instability through Multi-criteria Evaluation Analysis. Likewise, the direction and rhythm of land-use dynamics were analyzed in four dates - between 1976 and 2000 - and cross tabulations were made between them, in order to analyze the trends and processes of land-use dynamics. Afterwards, the databases obtained were cross tabulated with the landform variables to derive areas, percentages and correlation indices. In the study area, high-instability landforms are associated with most ancient volcanic and sedimentary landforms, where high altitude, drainage density, slope and potential to develop gravitational and fluvial processes are the major factors favouring a land-use pattern, dominated by the conservation of extensive forest land, abandonment of human land use and regeneration of disturbed areas. In contrast, low-instability landforms correspond to alluvial plains and lava hills covered by pyroclasts, where low potential erosion to develop fluvial processes, added to water and soil availability and accessibility, have favoured a land-use pattern dominated by the expansion of agroforestry plantations and human settlements, showing a marked trend towards either intensification or permanence of the current land use and with little abandonment and regeneration. 相似文献
106.
107.
In this article, we use local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and other spatial analysis techniques to analyze the distribution of centers with high employment density within metropolitan areas. We examine the 359 metropolitan areas across the United States at three points in time (1990, 2000, and 2010) to provide a spatio-temporal panoramic of urban spatial structure. Our analysis highlights three key findings. (1) The monocentric structure persists in a majority of metropolitan areas: 56.5% in 1990, 64.1% in 2000, and 57.7% in 2010. (2) The pattern of employment centers remains stable for most metropolitan areas: the number of centers remained the same for 74.9% of metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2000 and for 85.2% between 2000 and 2010. (3) Compared with monocentric metropolitan areas, polycentric metros are larger and more dense, with higher per-capita incomes and lower poverty rates. 相似文献
108.
Maria Lacalamita Ernesto Mesto Fernando Scordari Emanuela Schingaro 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(8):601-611
In the present work, crystal chemical variations between 1M and 2M 1 phlogopites coexisting in the same rock sample from kamafugite of Kasenyi (southwest Uganda, west branch of the East African Rift) were explored by electron probe microanalyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Chemical analyses revealed close similarity both within and between the two polytypic arrangements as well as high TiO2 (~4.9?wt%) and Al2O3 (~12.9?wt%), and low Cr2O3 (~0.8?wt%), F (~0.3?wt%) and BaO (~0.2?wt%) contents. Room temperature 57Fe M?ssbauer investigation proved that the studied mica is a tetraferriphlogopite with: IVFe3+?=?19(1)?%, VIFe2+?=?58(1)?%, VIFe3+?=?23(1)?%. Single crystal refinement showed that both polytypes have narrow range of variation in terms of some relevant unit cell parameters and similar values in terms of mean bond lengths, mean atomic numbers and distortion parameters. Similar substitutions were active in the structure of the 1M and 2M 1 studied phlogopites. However, in 2M 1 polytypes the oxy-type substitutions were found to occur to a greater extent. Comparison of unit layer of 1M mica (in the 2M 1 setting) with that of the 2M 1 ones showed that the 2M 1 polytypes are affected to different extent by relative shifts of the upper and lower triads of octahedral oxygens along the ±b directions. This effect did not cause any symmetry lowering in the T-O-T layer of the studied samples. 相似文献
109.
110.
The Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and the Root-to-Shoot Ratio (R) are variables used to quantify carbon stock in forests.
They are often considered as constant or species/area specific values in most studies. This study aimed at showing tree size
and age dependence upon BEF and R and proposed equations to improve forest biomass and carbon stock. Data from 70 sample Pinus spp. grown in southern Brazil trees in different diameter classes and ages were used to demonstrate the correlation between
BEF and R, and forest inventory data, such as DBH, tree height and age. Total dry biomass, carbon stock and CO2 equivalent were simulated using the IPCC default values of BEF and R, corresponding average calculated from data used in
this study, as well as the values estimated by regression equations. The mean values of BEF and R calculated in this study
were 1.47 and 0.17, respectively. The relationship between BEF and R and the tree measurement variables were inversely related
with negative exponential behavior. Simulations indicated that use of fixed values of BEF and R, either IPCC default or current
average data, may lead to unreliable estimates of carbon stock inventories and CDM projects. It was concluded that accounting
for the variations in BEF and R and using regression equations to relate them to DBH, tree height and age, is fundamental
in obtaining reliable estimates of forest tree biomass, carbon sink and CO2 equivalent. 相似文献