深井钻进井底参数测量系统用传感器的分析研究

深井、超深井钻探工程中,钻进工艺和操作技术非常重要,直接影响钻井技术经济指标,目前主要依靠地面仪表显示的读数指标来指导钻进。但是,地面仪表显示的读数与井底钻进工艺参数实际数值有一定差异,而且孔越深,差异越大,据俄罗斯超深井钻井研究结果,这个差异可达20%~30%。为此俄罗斯成功研发出了井底参数测量系统,取得了很好的效果,其中传感器是关键器具。本文将俄罗斯深井钻进测量系统中使用的多种传感器进行了综合整理,包括井底钻井液压力传感器、井底温度传感器、井斜顶角传感器、井斜方位角传感器、井底钻头轴载传感器,介绍了这些井底参数传感器的结构组成及工作原理,并分析了传感器与井底-井口联系通道的配合问题。以期对我国13000 m的特深地质井钻进提供参考。     

唐山断裂带的板内重复地震识别及其滑动速率估算

华北地区以强烈的新构造运动、众多的板内地震、多发的破坏性地震著称.1976年7月28日发生在北京东约160km处的唐山7.8级大地震是历史上人员伤亡最为惨重的灾害之一.唐山断裂带是唐山大地震的主控断裂,由一系列互相平行的NNE向的走滑断裂组成,由于在构造表现和运动方式等方面存在明显的差异,基本上可划分为南、北两段.     

渤海湾滨海平原全新统层型剖面地层划分与建组

天津市宁河县俵口乡兴坨全新统层型剖面的地层划分与建组，是在近年来1：5万淮淀乡幅(J50E005015)区域地质调查的基础上，经过地质调查，岩性描述，孢粉、软体、微体古生物和重矿物鉴定，^14C,OSL年，古地磁测量、化学分析和粒度分析等系统研究建立起来的。本文从气候、构造、地理等古环境角度对岩石地层、磁性地层、气候地层、生物地层、年代地层、事件地层、化学地层和矿物地层等进行多重地层划分与对比。建组的三分层次明显，符合全国地层委员会有关层型剖面和建组的基本要求。     

定向分枝孔孔身设计和控制技术软件包

在对定向分枝孔孔身剖面和施工控制技术进行认真研究的基础上，用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言程序结构化设计法，即用模块化语言设计ＢＡＳＩＣ程序，编制了定向分枝孔孔身设计和控制技术软件包，该软件包可以实现１４种Ｓ型孔身剖面和３种Ｌ型孔身剖面的优化设计，较好地进行施工控制。     

类型地图的空间相关关系

针对类型地图,在介绍已有空间相关关系分析方法的基础上,给出一种计算空间相关关系的简便方法,其基本思想是用现实分布与随机分布下相对重叠度的差异来表达类型之间的相关程度;同时还讨论了位置不确定性对类型地图空间相关关系的影响。实验表明,该方法能够有效表达类型地图之间的整体空间相关和局部空间相关。     

Component azimuths of the CEArray stations estimated from P-wave particle motion

The recently built China Digital Seismic Network consists of the China National Digital Seismic Network (CNDSN),31 regional seismic networks and several small aperture arrays with more than 1 000 stations including 850+ broadband stations.It forms a gigantic seismic array that provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the Earth's deep interior besides its routine task of seismic monitoring.Many modern seismic studies rely on rotation of vertical and horizontal components in order to separate different ...     

Characterization of the D beneath the Galapagos Islands using SKKS and SKS waveforms

SKS and SKKS waveforms from 16 events occurring between 2003 and 2005 in the Tonga Trench that were recorded by the BOLIVAR array are analyzed to determine the structure of the D layer beneath the Galapagos Islands.248 differential travel-time residuals of SKKS-SKS are measured and reveal a region of positive residuals of differential travel times in the northeast portion of the sampled region.Analyzing correlation statistics between the measured SKKS-SKS residuals and the observed absolute travel time dela...     

Large slip rate detected at the seismogenic zone of the 2008 M_W7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

Repeating microearthquakes were identified along the edge of the rupture area of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake.Slip rates at depths derived from seismic moments and recurrence intervals are found to be systematically larger than those observed at surface.This large deep slip rate may explain the odds about the occurrence of this unanticipated event.Our observations here suggested that seismic hazard could be underestimated if surface measurements alone are employed.     

Crustal structure of the Kaapvaal craton and its significance for early crustal evolution

High-quality seismic data obtained from a dense broadband array near Kimberley, South Africa, exhibit crustal reverberations of remarkable clarity that provide well-resolved constraints on the structure of the lowermost crust and Moho. Receiver function analysis of Moho conversions and crustal multiples beneath the Kimberley array shows that the crust is 35 km thick with an average Poisson's ratio of 0.25. The density contrast across the Moho is 15%, indicating a crustal density about 2.86 gm/cc just above the Moho, appropriate for felsic to intermediate rock compositions. Analysis of waveform broadening of the crustal reverberation phases suggests that the Moho transition can be no more than 0.5 km thick and the total variation in crustal thickness over the 2400 km² footprint of the array no more than 1 km. Waveform and travel time analysis of a large earthquake triggered by deep gold mining operations (the Welkom mine event) some 200 km away from the array yield an average crustal thickness of 35 km along the propagation path between the Kimberley array and the event. P- and S-wave velocities for the lowermost crust are modeled to be 6.75 and 3.90 km/s, respectively, with uppermost mantle velocities of 8.2 and 4.79 km/s, respectively. Seismograms from the Welkom event exhibit theoretically predicted but rarely observed crustal reverberation phases that involve reflection or conversion at the Moho. Correlation between observed and synthetic waveforms and phase amplitudes of the Moho reverberations suggests that the crust along the propagation path between source and receiver is highly uniform in both thickness and average seismic velocity and that the Moho transition zone is everywhere less than about 2 km thick. While the extremely flat Moho, sharp transition zone and low crustal densities beneath the region of study may date from the time of crustal formation, a more geologically plausible interpretation involves extensive crustal melting and ductile flow during the major craton-wide Ventersdorp tectonomagmatic event near the end of Archean time.