MVT矿床中与成矿有关热液方解石的地球化学判据——以青海多才玛超大型铅锌矿床为例

碳酸盐矿物是MVT型铅锌矿床最为常见的热液蚀变矿物,记录了成矿流体特征,其元素或同位素组成对示踪和定位矿体具有一定的指示意义,但由于该类矿床中碳酸盐矿物成因多样,单一的岩相学观察往往难以准确识别与成矿有关和无关的方解石,需要辅以地球化学手段来确定方解石成因。本文利用钻孔编录、岩相学观察、C-O-Sr同位素和原位微量与稀土元素组成分析等手段,探讨了青海多才玛超大型MVT铅锌矿床中与成矿有关和无关两期方解石的矿物化学特征。结果表明,多才玛矿床成矿前方解石(Cal1)空间上与矿体无相关关系,遍布于中二叠统九十道班组灰岩内,阴极发光呈暗棕色至棕黄色,无明显生长环带;成矿期方解石(Cal2)主要产于铅锌矿体内及其上盘围岩中,多呈砂糖粒状-皮壳状充填于围岩裂隙和溶孔内,阴极发光呈暗黄色至亮橙色,常发育生长环带。相对于Cal2, Cal1与围岩的C-O-Sr同位素组成更为接近,这表明水岩反应期间,Cal1组成受围岩影响更大,Cal2组成受影响更小;相比于Cal1,Cal2具有较高的Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb含量和U/Th、V/Cr值以及较低的LREE/HREE值、Mg、Sr含量和弱的Ce负异常,指示成矿...     

A Simple Relation to Constrain Groundwater Models Using Surface Deformation

A simple relation between pore pressure change and one-dimensional surface deformation is presented. The relation is for pore pressure change in a confined aquifer that causes surface deformation. It can be applied to groundwater models of any discretization and is computationally efficient. The estimated surface deformation from model results can be compared to observed surface deformation through geodetic techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Model parameters then are constrained using the observed surface deformation. The validity of this relation is shown through constraint of model parameters for surface uplift due to pore pressure increase caused by wastewater disposal injection.     

岩心中的天然缝与诱导缝的识别与分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组岩心裂缝为例

由于取心成本昂贵, 从岩心中获得天然缝、诱导缝和其他构造特征的准确信息显得尤为重要。岩心裂缝识别中的一项重要任务是判识天然缝和诱导缝。文中综合论述了天然缝和诱导缝的物理特征, 重点分析了天然缝形态及发育过程和诱导缝的多种成因模式, 并以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组岩心中裂缝为例进行分析。文中引用了国外对裂缝研究常用的专业术语, 指出裂缝面形态结构是追踪模式Ⅰ裂缝(节理)从扩展初始点到终止处的运动学的关键, 这在岩心裂缝和露头裂缝分析中是非常有用的。     

塔河六七区鹰山组-巴楚组混积特征研究

受加里东期-海西期构造运动及持续海平面升降变化影响,塔河油田六七区沉积环境复杂多变,中下奥陶统鹰山组和下石炭统巴楚组发育陆屑-碳酸盐混积岩。结合岩心、薄片及测井资料综合分析,混积岩据混积强度分为混积型碳酸盐岩、混积型碎屑岩、高度混积岩。据沉积背景及沉积特征,混积岩成因类型可分为岩溶穿插再沉积型(岩溶型)和相缘渐变型(相变型)。其中,混积型碳酸盐岩和混积型碎屑岩为岩溶成因,高度混积岩为相变成因。此外,混积岩储集空间发育,储集类型主要包括原生粒间孔、次生溶蚀孔缝和构造裂隙,岩溶型混积岩较相变型混积岩储集性能较好。混积岩孔缝中见含油显示,相关油气意义值得进一步研究。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Silver Deposits in China

China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China’s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type(including vein type and stratabound type),sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of "Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China" and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China.     

Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Magnesite Deposits in China

China has abundant reserves of magnesite, making it the world’s leading source of this strategic mineral. Sparry magnesite is the main type of magnesite deposit, and is easy to exploit. It occurs mainly as the sedimentary-metamorphic type. Production is centred on eastern Liaoning Province, where a world-class large to super large magnesite ore processing and production facility has been developed. Hydrothermal metasomatic deposits, associated with ultramafic complexes and eluvial deposits produced by weathering, are two other important types found in China. The Western section of the Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt is an important target region for prospecting lake-sedimentary magnesite deposits. Based on a systematic analysis of material from 62 magnesite production areas, this study investigated the metallogeny of magnesite and delineated 13 magnesite metallogenic belts. Maps were produced showing metallogenic regularities in magnesite deposits, the metallogenic system of the magnesite deposits, and the distribution of the metallogenic belts of Chinese magnesite deposits. It provides a theoretical basis for forecasting the location of potential magnesite resources in China. Finally, it explores some key scientific issues, including the formation processes of ultra magnesite ore-concentrated areas, and their sources of magnesium.     

成矿流体动力学与大地构造环境的关系(英文)

热液矿床的形成需要大量流体,而流体的运移需要包括地势差、岩石变形、热梯度及热异常等多种驱动力。这些流体驱动力与构造环境及过程有密切关系。流体压力状态和热场及地势差的组合决定了压性构造环境流体以向上运动为主,如造山型成矿系统,而张性构造环境流体以对流为主,如VMS和SEDEX成矿系统。造山作用造成的地势差及水平挤压作用所产生的超压可以驱动流体侧向迁移数百公里,如MVT成矿系统。但是,具体的成矿流体动力学过程比较复杂,且随构造演化而变化。在经历过多个大地构造演化阶段的地区,如地洼区,老的成矿流体动力系统不断被新的系统叠加或取代;新的构造单元需要来自地幔的流体源补充才有利于成矿。成矿学研究的是成矿作用与大地构造的关系,而流体动力学系统与大地构造环境密切相关,因此,成矿流体动力学应成为成矿学的一个重要组成部分。     

坝上草原相关花粉源范围与相对花粉产量估算

基于坝上草原地区30个采样点表土花粉分析和植被调查的研究结果显示,花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科等草本植物为主,基本能够反映草原植被特征,但花粉百分比与其在植被中盖度差异明显.运用Extended R-Value(ERV)模型估算的坝上草原区相关花粉源范围大致为2100m,当风速大于3.5m/s时,基本稳定,受风速影响不大.估算的相对花粉产量结果显示,蒿属和藜科的相对花粉产量最高,为禾本科的20倍左右;其次为莎草科和菊科,为禾本科的7～9倍;百合科略高于禾本科;旋花科、豆科、唇形科及委陵菜属的相对花粉产量则明显低于禾本科.利用相对花粉产量对花粉与植被关系的校正结果表明:蒿属、藜科的校正效果明显,其相对花粉产量可以作为定量重建古植被的参考;莎草科、菊科、百合科和唇形科由于受植被和花粉数据梯度限制,其相对花粉产量能否用于植被与花粉关系的校正有待通过更多植被群落调查进一步证实;其他花粉类型由于在花粉组合中含量多低于5％,所以在校正花粉与植被关系时的作用不明显.     

东北区耕地利用系统安全格局模拟及其阈值的确定

耕地利用系统安全是保护耕地健康和保障粮食安全的基础。以东北区黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,运用Matlab编程,应用改进的神经网络模式识别模型,模拟研究区2016年和2021年耕地利用系统安全格局。基于突变理论,采用蝴蝶突变模型确定耕地利用系统安全阈值范围。结果表明:1影响耕地利用系统安全的空间因子,在一定程度上对研究区耕地利用系统安全格局的演变产生极大的影响;各类土地利用类型的数量增减及空间分布均会对耕地利用系统安全格局的变化产生一定影响。2 1976-2011年,耕地利用系统安全格局发生了显著变化,按照当前发展状况,2011-2021年,耕地面积和建设用地面积的变化呈现互反性,建设用地及其他农用地的增加均以牺牲耕地为代价,未达到保护耕地的目的。3耕地利用系统安全状态划分为安全状态、临界状态和危险状态三种;安全状态阈值范围为[-1,-0.2),临界状态阈值范围为[-0.2,0.2),危险状态阈值范围为[0.2,1]。4按照当前的发展态势,若不采取适当措施,耕地利用系统安全将向危险状态突变,耕地利用系统安全问题日益严峻。     

中国银矿的资源特征及成矿规律概要

中国银矿资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越,主要以共伴生为主,近年来独立银矿找矿也取得一些进展。本文系统搜集了国内外银矿数量与规模、储量和分布等内容,梳理了中国银矿资源分布及储量分布规律,总结了中国银矿资源特点。在对全国490处银矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了中国银矿的成矿规律,划分了海相火山沉积型、陆相火山次火山岩型、矽卡岩型、热液型(脉型和层控型)、沉积变质型、沉积型和新生风化淋积型等7个银矿预测类型,其中前4个应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出32个成银带,编制了"中国成银带分布图",为中国银矿资源潜力评价和勘查部署提供了理论依据。