Geological, geochemical characteristics and isotope systematics of the Longqiao iron deposit in the Lu-Zong volcano-sedimentary basin, Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley, Eastern China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley metallogenic belt is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton of eastern China. Most polymetallic deposits in the Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where magmatism of Mesozoic age (Yanshanian tectono-thermal event) is particularly extensive. From west to east these districts are: E-dong, Jiu-Rui, Anqing-Guichi, Lu-Zong, Tong-Ling, Ning-Wu and Ning-Zhen. World-class iron ore deposits occur in the Lu-Zong and Ning-Wu ore clusters, which are mainly located in continental fault-bound volcanic-sedimentary basins. One of these deposits is the Longqiao iron deposit, discovered in the northern part of the Lu-Zong Basin in 1985. This deposit consists of a single stratabound and stratiform orebody, hosted in sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Triassic Dongma'anshan Formation. A syenite pluton (Longqiao intrusion) is situated below the deposit. The iron ore is massive and disseminated and the ore minerals are mainly magnetite and minor pyrite. Wall rock alteration mostly consists of skarn minerals, such as diopside, garnet, potassic feldspar, quartz, chlorite, phlogopite and anhydrite. Thin sedimentary siderite beds of Triassic age occur as relict laminated ore at the top and the margin of the magnetite orebody. These sideritic laminae are part of Triassic evaporite-bearing carbonate deposits (Dongma'anshan Formation).Sulfur isotopic compositions show that the sulfur in the deposit was derived from a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and carbonate–evaporite host rocks. Similarly, the C and O isotopic compositions of limestones from the Dongma'anshan Formation indicate that these rocks interacted with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The O isotopic compositions of the syenitic rocks and minerals from the deposit show that the hydrothermal magnetite and skarn minerals were formed from magmatic fluids. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the Longqiao syenite. Phlogopite coexisting with magnetite in the magnetite ores yielded a plateau age of 130.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), whereas the LA-ICP MS age of the syenite intrusion is 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of phlogopite.The Longqiao syenite intrusion may have crystallized from a parental alkaline magma, generated by partial melting of lithospheric mantle, during extensional tectonics. The ore fluids were probably first derived from magma at depth, later emplaced in the sedimentary rocks of the Dongma'anshan Formation, where it interacted with siderite and evaporite-bearing carbonate strata, resulting in the formation of magnetite and skarn minerals. The Longqiao iron deposit is a skarn-type stratabound and stratiform mineral system, genetically and temporally related to the Longqiao syenite intrusion. The Longqiao syenite is part of the widespread Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism (Yanshanian event) in eastern China, which has been linked to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling.     

Strength behavior of slip-zone soils of landslide subject to the change of water content

Landslides are the major natural hazards in many countries all over the world and are usually caused by heavy rainfall, water level change of reservoir, excavation, earthquake, etc. Whether the landslide occurs or not in rainfall season, the strength variation of slip-zone soils of landslide is regarded as the vital control factor. Thus, strength behavior for slip-zone soils of landslide subject to the change of water content is required to be evaluated in a potential landslide area. In this paper, the shear strength of typical slip-zone soil, six groups of 25 specimens of remolded clay samples from Daxishan reservoir landslide, was systemically investigated using the improved direct shear test apparatus in order to fully understand its physical and mechanical properties, and also the shear and failure behavior. Furthermore, the fitting equations for expressing the relationship between the shear strength (effective cohesion and internal friction angle) and vertical loadings, initial water contents of slip-zone clay were established based on the experimental results. In particular, a series of shear stress–shear strain curves under various vertical loadings and different water contents were observed. The results show that a “softening” stress–strain behavior is achieved for unsaturated slip-zone soil, while a “hardening” curve is found for saturated slip-zone soil.     

长白山及邻区地壳、上地幔顶部三维速度结构

根据沿长白山布设的宽频带流动地震台站及吉林省地震台网所记录的近震P波走时数据,利用层析成像方法对长白山及邻区（39°N-45°N、122°E-130°E）深至40 km的地壳和上地幔顶部三维速度结构进行了研究。结果表明：地震的发生和分布多集中于断裂等复杂地质构造。利用较高分辨率的地壳、上地幔顶部三维速度结构证实了长白山火山区岩浆囊存在,并推测岩浆囊的位置位于火山口的西南方向,深度为10~40 km。壳内岩浆囊分布对进一步解释、认识火山灾害提供了重要的深部信息。     

地下管线探测的基本原理及解释方法研究

本文较详细地讨论了电磁直接探测法探测地下管线的基本原理和解释方法;提出了一种新的求解管线位置和深度、并给出探测结果可信度的向量交绘法。现场提供高可信度的结果;对管线探测仪器设备及应用效果作了介绍。     

不同大地构造背景橄榄岩结构水特征

名义无水矿物(NAMs)中的结构水在地球内部演化中扮演了重要角色.应用红外光谱对产自5个构造背景下的13个二辉橄榄岩进行了详细的结构水测定,探讨不同构造背景下橄榄岩结构水的含量和赋存机制.研究显示,全岩和橄榄石结构水含量按构造背景从高到低排序,依次为超高压地体、地幔柱、稳定克拉通、俯冲带和活化克拉通,反映了橄榄岩的水含量与构造环境具有显著相关性.在相同构造背景下,石榴石二辉橄榄岩比尖晶石二辉橄榄岩含更多结构水,表明上地幔水分布可能具有分层性.超高压地体和稳定克拉通样品中橄榄石具有[Si]空位导致的吸收峰3 611~3 613 cm-1,而缺乏由[Fe3+]引起的吸收峰3 325 cm-1和3 355 cm-1,表明地幔的还原性随深度增强.      

下寺湾油田柳洛峪地区长8储层配伍性实验研究

柳洛峪地区长8地层水属CaCl2型,地层结垢伤害主要为BaSO4垢引起。注入水为长2地层水,水型及组成与长8地层水类似。配伍实验结果表明:单一水样在不同温度和压力下表现为随着温度、压力的升高,出现CaCO3结垢趋势变大,而BaSO4结垢趋势减弱。注入水与磨碎的岩心混合后生成的白色沉淀物主要为BaSO4和CaCO3。不同比例混配水样实验结果显示,提高注入水的比例可以有效地减少混合液产生的沉淀量。同时,随着注入水的不断注入,岩心渗透率变化较小,表明混配水几乎不会对储层造成伤害。     

蒙古国境内贝尔湖凹陷早白垩世沉积充填演化与同沉积断裂的响应

蒙古国境内的贝尔湖凹陷是新近发现的一个主要勘探可开发区。早白垩世垂向充填演化序列综合研究表明,南屯组早期地层的大规模同生断裂系统组合样式及其分布对断陷湖盆内沉积体系域的发育、分布起着重要的控制作用。凹陷内的充填序列和演化反映了幕式断裂作用及湖盆右旋走滑特征对盆内沉积体系演化模式起着至关重要的控制作用。长期活动的同沉积断裂配合构造的右旋走滑运动严格控制古地貌、断裂坡折及断坡带的形成与分布,从而进一步控制着湖盆内碎屑岩沉积体系发育与沉积展布模式。凹陷内部的东次凹北洼槽内的洼陷边缘断裂坡折带常常控制着粗碎屑沉积体系的沉积、沉降中心,特别是低位域近岸水下扇的发育和分布,是盆内寻找砂岩油气藏的最有利区带。同沉积断裂具有多种组合样式,包括"人"或"之"字形等多种组合的断裂系统等,造就湖盆内复杂多变的构造古地貌及断裂坡折系统,严格控制着凹陷内砂体分散体系的沉积和堆积模式。揭示同沉积断裂(坡折)带的活动和分布,再造各沉积期次构造古地貌、断坡带是进行沉积体系展布模式和砂体分布预测的关键。     

安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-S矿床黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的制约

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。     

兰坪盆地演化与成矿特征

兰坪盆地的演化受控于盆地所处的构造背景,经历了中三叠世至早侏罗世的陆内裂谷盆地、中-晚侏罗世的拗陷盆地、白垩纪的前陆盆地、古新世-中新世的走滑盆地。盆内成矿与盆地性质密切相关,陆内裂谷盆地阶段是重要的成矿期,具热水沉积矿床特征;拗陷盆地阶段多形成铜多金属矿床;前陆盆地阶段为喜山期的成矿作了物质准备;走滑盆地阶段,由于推覆构造活动强烈,深部流体和浅部红层中的盆地流体的混合,提供了大量的矿物质,并就位于构造圈闭中,形成如金顶铅锌矿等大型矿床。     

中国中西部前陆盆地烃源岩特征与油气资源潜力分析

中国中西部前陆盆地(冲断带)以发育陆相烃源岩为特征。中西部周缘和弧后前陆盆地烃源岩形成于前陆盆地沉积期,包括准噶尔西北缘、准噶尔南缘、塔里木盆地西南缘、吐哈盆地二叠系烃源岩和川西、鄂尔多斯盆地西缘三叠系烃源岩;再生前陆盆地(冲断带)烃源岩主要形成于再生前陆盆地沉积之前的三叠—侏罗系和白垩系、古近系。根据沉积环境可以将烃源岩分为被动大陆边缘海相、残留海—(泻)湖相、湖沼相、内陆坳陷淡水湖相以及内陆坳陷断陷半咸水-咸水湖相烃源岩5种类型,其中湖沼相煤系烃源岩有机质类型为III型,以产气为主,其他烃源岩有机质类型主要为II型,其次为I型,以产油为特征。中国中西部前陆盆地石油潜在资源量为89.17×108t,天然气潜在资源量为101 464×108m3,与国外典型前陆盆地相比,中国前陆盆地具有富气特征。