富丽繁复的美——对维吾尔族金饰艺术的探究

新疆维吾尔族妇女有佩戴首饰的习俗,其黄金首饰富丽繁复的装饰风格体现出浓郁的民族特征。从艺术学的角度分析了维吾尔族金饰工艺、造型、纹样特征。结果显示,维吾尔族首饰喜爱用黄金材质,制作工艺中的花丝工艺和金珠工艺具有地域特征;首饰造型上形体硕大;装饰纹样受到生存环境和宗教文化的影响,常用植物纹样、几何纹样和文字纹样。材料与精细的首饰工艺制作相结合使首饰呈现出富丽繁复的装饰风格特征。     

美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)的核型研究

１９９６年１２月对养殖的美国红鱼采用注射秋水仙碱方法,取其肾脏直接进行染色体制片,镜检得：美国红鱼染色体数目 为４８条,全部是端部 着丝点染色体,其核型公式是２ｎ＝４８ｔ,臂数ＮＦ＝４８。     

中国大陆沿岸波浪能分布初步研究

波浪能作为可持续利用的清洁能源,日益被人们所关注,本文基于WAVEWATCHⅢ全球波浪模式,建立了较高精度的中国沿岸海域波浪数学模型,重点对中国大陆沿岸-30m等深线上的波浪能分布进行了研究,在已有研究成果的基础上进一步细化了中国沿岸海域波浪能的时空分布规律,为合理开发、利用波浪能提供了一定的数据支持。研究认为,中国沿岸波浪能储量相对较小,南北分布以长江口为界,以南海域波能整体较大,波能季节性差异明显,在开发利用时,需要对工程区域的波浪能特征充分论证,科学合理地选用波浪能转化设备,防止造成巨大经济损失。     

Hydromechanical behavior of radially multilayered cylinders under time-varying loads

ABSTRACT

Geotechnical strata are often treated as horizontally homogeneous for hydromechanical analysis due to the vertical deposition of geological layers; however, such a treatment becomes no longer valid when vertical drilling or construction causes the localized disturbance of subsurface, which would result in radial heterogeneity of geomaterials. This paper presents a poroelastic solution for the saturated multilayered cylinder where multilayer is used to represent radial heterogeneity. After the application of Laplace transform, the governing equations in cylindrical coordinates are derived to obtain the stiffness matrix between stresses, displacements, and pore water pressure. The global matrix is assembled by the boundary conditions and the compatibility of interfaces between adjacent layers. Under time-dependent horizontal compression loads, a parametric study is performed for a cylinder comprised of two layers with distinct properties, and the results show that the load frequency and radial heterogeneity play a significant role in hydromechanical behavior of geomaterials: (1) the time-varying loading can induce a negative pore pressure, and the influence of cyclic loading with a high frequency is limited near the outer surface; (2) the radial heterogeneity due to permeability and compressibility affects the development of pore pressure.     

海洋聚球藻对不同硝酸盐浓度的响应特征

近年来,由于陆源污染的加重以及近海环境治理的推进,中国近海海域营养盐浓度发生明显变化,导致浮游植物生物量及群落结构发生改变。作为一种广泛分布且丰度较高的微微型蓝藻,聚球藻在中国近海生态系统中发挥着重要的角色,但其对不同硝酸盐浓度的响应尚待研究。本文分别从渤海和黄海采集聚球藻富集样本,在不同硝酸盐浓度下进行半连续培养,通过测定生长曲线、色素含量、光合生理参数以及碳氮含量,研究聚球藻对硝酸盐浓度的响应特征。当硝酸盐浓度为0.1、1.0、10.0μmol·L^–1时,聚球藻培养体系可支持的生物量较小,光能转化效率较低;当硝酸盐浓度为100.0μmol·L^–1时,聚球藻细胞生长得到促进,其培养体系可支持的生物量约提高5倍,同时培养体系整体的光能转化效率达到最高,但单位细胞的捕光能力受到抑制,氮和磷的转化率提高。研究表明海洋聚球藻能够适应不同的硝酸盐浓度维持生长,在较高的硝酸盐浓度下,聚球藻生物量显著提高,但释放至胞外的碳氮未出现相应的当量增加。研究结果为营养盐胁迫条件下浮游生态系统的响应提供了原核微藻方面的实验依据。     

鲐鱼灯光围网渔船水上集鱼灯水中照度分布及优化配置的理论计算

采用叠加法照度计算模式,根据一组鲐鱼灯光围网渔船中3艘不同渔船的水上集鱼灯布置参数,使用自行开发的水上集鱼灯水下光场计算系统,对各船的水中照度分布进行了计算,获得船舷右侧中部水深方向200 m范围内不同深度的照度,并使用Surfer 8.0软件绘制等值曲线图,结果表明:主灯船在总功率为180 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在56 m左右,水深方向不超过20 m;离船水平距离40 m、垂直距离40 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。副灯船在总功率为120 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在46 m左右,水深方向不超过18 m;离船水平距离33 m、垂直距离38 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。网船在总功率为40 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在45 m左右,水深方向不超过15 m;离船水平距离30 m、垂直距离35 m处的照度为0.01 lx左右。从集鱼灯的配置情况来看,主灯船、副灯船与网船目前的配置均较好,但主灯船在灯距增大到0.26 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加1.6%的有效水体体积,副灯船在灯距减少到0.28 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加2.1%的有效水体体积,网船在灯距增大到0.64 m、灯高增大到9 m时可增加1.7%的有效水体体积。计算结果还表明,大幅度的增加光诱渔船的集鱼灯功率并不能很有效的提高该船的光诱范围。     

人工砾石海滩变化及输移率研究

在我国采用砾石海滩在某些强动力区域进行海滩养护是一种新的尝试,具有很好的适用性。以厦门天泉湾人工砾石滩为研究对象,对2015年至2016年间10条海滩剖面开展了5次周期性监测,通过综合分析,得出在人工砾石滩竣工完成后的一年时间内,滩肩外沿线、岸线及滩面底角的砂砾分界线大幅度后退,滩肩宽度变窄;滩肩外沿线明显隆起,形成滩肩脊线;滩面坡度变大,且上游侧海滩的滩面普遍比下游侧海滩的滩面陡,一年后,岸滩整体变化趋于稳定。针对砾石滩不断向西南方向运移的现状,采用Leo C.van Rijn输移率公式计算砾石滩年平均输移率,并通过测量断面法、体积变化量法对Leo C.van Rijn公式计算结果进行验证,得出砾石滩年平均输移率的范围约为1 015.66~2 392.5 m~3/a。     

关于底质二向性反射分布函数

二向性反射分布函数(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)是遥感技术发展到一定阶段的产物。在水色遥感领域,目前研究文献不是很多。本文综述了国内外湖体底质BRDF的研究现状,并指出了其仍待解决问题。     

Coastal ecosystem change in Asia: hypoxia,eutrophication, and nutrient conditions

Journal of Oceanography -     

Shallow sediment deformation styles in north-western Campeche Knolls,Gulf of Mexico and their controls on the occurrence of hydrocarbon seepage

During German R/V Meteor M67/2 expedition to Campeche Knolls, southern Gulf of Mexico, a set of 2D high resolution seismic data was acquired to study the near-surface sediment structure and its relationship with hydrocarbon seepages in this salt province. The comprehensive survey covered 20 individual bathymetric highs or ridges and identified three principle structural types: Passive Type, Chaopopte Type, and Asymmetric Flap Type. The first type is the result of passive diapirism, whereas the latter two were initialized by a regional compressional event in the Miocene, but are later differently modified by salt tectonism. Chapopote Type structures appear as symmetrical domes, with uplifted coarse-grained Miocene sediments in their cores and rather thin syn-kinematic sediments covering the crests. Asymmetric Flap Type structures are also first folded as domes or ridges, but one flap later subsided together with salt evacuation, resulting in single uplifted monoclines. With the coarse-grained pre-kinematic sediments as reservoir units, both structural types can focus and accumulate hydrocarbons. The geometries of the structures suggest that hydrocarbons are accumulated in the center of the Chapopote Type structures and in the subsided flaps of the Asymmetric Flap Type structures. Hydrocarbon leakage from these thinly sealed reservoirs is regarded as the principle mechanism for the seepage in the study area, and accordingly the most seepage-prone positions are above these reservoirs. The seep locations suggested by analysis of sea-surface oil slick images of SAR satellite data are also examined in this study. These independently derived seep locations confirm the seepage-prone positions to be above the shallow buried reservoirs. This study suggest that the shallow sediment structures control the distribution of the hydrocarbon seeps of the north-western Campeche Knolls, although the hydrocarbons are sourced from the greater depth.