Toxicities of p-nitrotoluenes and their effects on blood corpuscles and ovaries in Crusian carps (Carassius auratus)

p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used in pesticide, foamed plastics, dyestuff and medicine industries. In this paper, Crusian carps (Carassius auratus) were exposed to dilute p-nitrotoluene solutions with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 μg/L; the subsequent physiological responses to the chemical were observed, and the variation characteristics of blood corpuscles, ovaries and oocytes were studied by bio-microscopy. Results showed that even very low concentrations of p-nitrotoluene would lead to toxicosis and even the death of Carassius auratus. The bio-microscopic structures revealed that, compared with the compartment of Carassius auratus growing in the p-nitrotoluene-free water (the control group), the lower concentrations of p-nitrotoluene (for example no more than 80 μg/L) would result in the faster disintegration of erythrocytes and the significant enlargement of oocytes, while the higher contents of p-nitrotoluene (no less than 240 μg/L in this case) would inhibit the division of cells and their further growth, even degenerate blood corpuscles and ovaries, suggesting stronger estrogenic activities. The study is financially supported by the Development Foundation of Science and Technology under Shandong Provincial Education Department (No. J05D51).     

政府办公自动化系统建设和应用浅谈

本文简要地介绍了办公自动化的发展过程,分析了其常用的功能、特点,以及内容分类,论述了目前办公自动化系统的技术支撑和实现,并指出政府办公自动化系统在开发和应用中存在的问题和解决思路。对系统的推广使用具有一定的参考意义。     

迭代折射静校正技术在鄂北地震资料处理中的应用

在低速层速度(地表直达波)已知的条件下,利用生产炮初至信息,用加权最小平方法和共轭梯度法建立的折射静校正数学模型,迭代求取长波长、短波长静校正量,在解决鄂尔多斯盆地北部的虚假小幅度构造问题及改善剖面质量方面取得了明显的效果。     

青海湖地区生态环境动态变化遥感监测

由于青海湖地区的生态环境较为脆弱，且人类活动进一步加剧，人口、资源与环境的矛盾日渐突出，因此，近年来．青海湖及其周边地区的生态环境出现了明显变化，主要表现在水位下降及水域面积减小、草原退化、沙质荒漠化土地面积扩大等。文章采用1975年MSS卫星图像及1987、2000年TM卫星图像作为遥感信息源，并结合地理信息系统方法，旨在查明青海满地区耕地、沙质荒漠化土地和水域等生态环境要素的时空演化规律，为青海湖地区实现资源开发与环境协调发展提供科学依据。监测结果表明，25a来，青海湖地区的耕地及沙质荒漠化土地面积出现明显的扩大，而水域面积出现明显缩小，同时由于湖周各河流土壤侵蚀的加剧，在部分河流入湖处泥沙淤积较为严重，生态环境出现明显恶化。     

单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变模型分析

对单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变分析是边坡稳定性研究的基础。文中对岩质边坡单一滑面的流变变形机制进行了分析，提出了一种能较好反映这一变形机制的非稳定蠕变模型。特别是描述单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变破坏阶段，并对其稳定性进行了讨论。结合一些工程实例进行了对比验证，为滑坡灾害的预测和防治提供依据。     

西部煤炭资源调查评价中遥感技术的应用

通过西部煤炭资源勘查对遥感技术的需求以及煤田地质体的可解译性、遥感技术的实际应用效果分析,论述了西部煤炭资源调查评价中遥感技术的重要作用,提出了今后遥感技术的应用建议.     

内蒙古西辽河流域特种玉米品种特性及气候区划

基于玉米本身的特性和用途的不同,将玉米分为高油型玉米、高淀粉型玉米、高赖氨酸型玉米和甜玉米四大类型.根据每种玉米品种对气候条件、土壤类型、地形特征等的不同需求,以通辽地区作为内蒙古东部西辽河流域玉米主产区的示范区,提出了特种玉米的区划指标,并利用GIS技术进行适宜种植区域划分.内蒙古通辽地区大部分农区适宜种植特种玉米,最适宜区、适宜区基本上均位于通辽南部和中部农业区.     

Efficient interpolations to GPS orbits for precise wide area applications

For precise real time or near real time differential GPS positioning in a wide or global area, precise GPS orbits or, alternatively, precise orbital corrections with respect to a reference orbit, such as GPS broadcast ephemerides, must be used. This work tests orbit interpolation methods, in order to represent the GPS orbits and orbital corrections accurately and efficiently for these and other GPS applications. For precise GPS orbits given in the SP3 format at the 15 min interval, numerical tests were conducted using Lagrange and Chebyshev as well as trigonometric polynomial functions. The results have demonstrated that the 19- or 20-term trigonometric function is apparently the most efficient interpolator for a 12 h GPS orbital arc, achieving 1 cm level 3D interpolation accuracy that can meet the requirements of most precise applications. The test results also demonstrated that the 9-term trigonometric function always yields optimal interpolation for a 2 h GPS orbit arc, in terms of interpolation errors, compared to the results when using a different number of terms for the same function or one of the other tested polynomial functions. This is evident from the minimal performance degradation when using the 9-term trigonometric function to interpolate near or at the end of a data interval. By limiting interpolation to the center 15 min to 1.5 h of a 2 h orbit arc, thereby eliminating the need to interpolate near the ends of that interval, users can opt for more terms (11 and 13) or different interpolators to further improve interpolation accuracy. When interpolating the orbital corrections with respect to the GPS broadcast ephemeris, all the tested interpolation functions of 3- to 9-term yield the same suitably accurate results. Therefore, a 3- to 5-term trigonometric function is arguably sufficiently accurate and more efficient for GPS orbital correction messaging in wide area and real time positioning.     

MODIS数据在乌鲁木齐地区植被景观动态监测中的应用

根据EOS／MODIS卫星时次高覆盖面广的特征，选取从4．10月的MODIS晴空资料，对整个乌鲁木齐地区植被景观进行动态监测，利用植被指数最大合成法制作了每月植被指数专题图。为了能够结合物候更好地分析乌鲁木齐地区植被随季节变化趋势以及不同时期植被生长状况，我们还制作了植被景观专题图及其变化评价图。评价图的优势在于能直观地反映植被变化的趋势，并能将变化的程度数字化，还可以根据不同的评价图叠加DEM做相应的分析。为乌鲁木齐地区植被变化研究提供有效的依据。     

佳木斯市40年太阳辐射变化规律及分析

利用经验公式，把佳木斯市40a的太阳辐射资料补充完整，在此基础上，用方差分析的方法找出太阳辐射的变化规律，并加以分析。