The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences

The "mean value concept" in a mono-linear regression of multi-variables is clarified.Its applications to reconstruction of the past 90-year salinity of the sea surface water in Xisha Islands and to tracing the past 80 ka paleo-geomagnetic events from the Luochuan loess 10Be record are introduced in detail,which show the significance and the potential of the "mean value concept" in geoscience research.     

Experimental study of surface texture and resonance mechanism of booming sand

The sound-producing mechanism of booming sand has long been a pending problem in the blown sand physics. Based on the earlier researches, the authors collected some silent sand samples from Teng- ger Desert, Australian Desert, Kuwait Desert, beaches of Hainan Island and Japanese coast as well as the soundless booming sand samples from the Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang to make washing ex- periments. In the meantime the chemical corrosion experiment of glass micro-spheres, surface coating experiment and SEM examination were also conducted. The experimental results show that the sound production of booming sand seems to have nothing to do with the presence of SiO2 gel on the surface of sand grains and unrelated to the surface chemical composition of sand grains but is related to the resonance cavities formed by porous (pit-like) physical structure resulting from a number of factors such as wind erosion, water erosion, chemical corrosion and SiO2 gel deposition, etc. Its resonance mechanism is similar to that of Hemholz resonance cavity. Under the action of external forces, nu- merous spherical and sand grains with smooth surface and porous surface are set in motion and rub with each other to produce extremely weak vibration sound and then become audible sound by human ears through the magnification of surface cavity resonance. However the booming sands may lose their resonance mechanism and become silent sand due to the damping action caused by the invasion of finer particles such as dust and clay into surface holes of sand grains. Therefore, clearing away fine pollutants on the quartz grain surface is an effective way to make silent sand emit audible sound.     

Application of <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs fingerprinting technique to interpreting sediment production records from reservoir deposits in a small catchment of the Hilly Loess Plateau,China

According to variations of 137Cs and clay contents, 44 flood couplets were identified in a profile of reservoir deposit with a vertical length of 28.12 m in the Yuntaishan Gully. Couplet 27 at the middle of the profile had the highest average 137Cs content of 12.65 Bq kg-1, which indicated the 1963s' deposits, then 137Cs content decreased both downward and upward in the profile. The second top and bottom couplets had average 137Cs contents of 2.15 Bq kg-1 and 0.92 Bq kg-1, respectively. By integrated analysis of reservoir construction and management history, variations of 137Cs contents over the profile, sediment yields of flood couplets and rainfall data during the period of 1958-1970, individual storms related to the flood couplets were identified. 44 floods with a total sediment yield of 2.36×104 m3 occurred and flood events in a year varied between 1 and 10 times during the period of 1960-1970. 7-10 flood events occurred during the wet period of 1961-1964 with very wet autumn, while only 1-2 events during the dry period of 1965-1969. Average annual specific sediment yield was 1.29×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Yuntaishan Gully during the period of 1960-1970, which was slightly higher than 1.11 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the Upper Yanhe River Basin above the Ganguyi Hydrological Station and slightly lower than 1.40 ×104 t km-2 a-1 for the nearby Zhifang Gully during the same period. Annual specific sediment yields for the Yuntaishan Gully were correlated to the wet season's rainfalls well.     

Impedance of flexible suction caissons

The dynamic response of offshore wind turbines is affected by the properties of the foundation and the subsoil. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic soil–structure interaction of suction caissons for offshore wind turbines. The investigations include evaluation of the vertical and coupled sliding–rocking vibrations, influence of the foundation geometry and examination on the properties of the surrounding soil. The soil is simplified as a homogenous linear viscoelastic material and the dynamic stiffness of the suction caisson is expressed in terms of dimensionless frequency‐dependent coefficients corresponding to different degrees of freedom. The dynamic stiffness coefficients for the skirted foundation are evaluated using a three‐dimensional coupled boundary element/finite element model. Comparisons with known analytical and numerical solutions indicate that the static and dynamic behaviours of the foundation are predicted accurately using the applied model. The analysis has been carried out for different combinations of the skirt length, Poisson's ratio of the subsoil and the ratio of the soil stiffness to the skirt stiffness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南范县M_L4.7级地震的启示

2006年4月9日,在河南省范县(35o40’N,115o24’E)发生ML4.7级地震,地震的宏观震中位于河南省范县的王楼乡、辛庄乡以及濮阳县的濮城镇,震中烈度Ⅴ度。地震的有感范围较大,南起山东省的曹县,北至河北省的大名,西起河南省的濮阳县,东到山东省的郓城县,总面积大约10000余km2。地震虽然没有造成人员伤亡,但是却使许多没有抗震性能的农村房屋和校舍遭到严重破坏,     

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.     

基于COM技术的地图符号库结构设计与实现

从符号库的结核设计入手，提出了一种新的符号库模型－双层地图符号库模型。该模型在速度，质量上继承了其他模型的优点。利用COM技术实现了地图符号库设计系统，该系统在符号库的易挂接性和符号的可扩展性上有了很大的提高。     

某办公楼变形原因浅析及对策--建筑物变形监测实例

作者就某办公楼发生倾斜及裂缝后 ,对其进行建筑物变形观测这一实例 ,就其观测方法和建筑物发生变形的原因进行了总结及分析 ,并提出了治理的对策 ,为该建筑物维修方案的制定提供了依据。     

不同尺度条件下的土壤侵蚀实验监测及模型研究

土壤侵蚀的实验和监测是获取水土流失资料的重要手段,土壤侵蚀模型研究是水土保持规划、管理的重要内容。本文对点、小区、田间和坡面、流域及区域尺度条件下的土壤侵蚀的实验和监测研究进行了综述,分析了当前国际上实验研究和监测研究的侧重点及其不足;并对当前国际上土壤侵蚀模型的总体发展趋势进行了评述,特别分析了这些模型在全球气候变化背景下的作用;最后对当前土壤侵蚀、试验及检测研究作出展望。