徕卡新型全站仪TS 30的测评和开发研究

介绍了徕卡新型TS 30全站仪的卓越性能、测距精度分析和机载程序开发平台GeoC^＋＋,结合工程实践开发了地铁自动变形监测的机载应用程序。     

利用VB控件监视与管理时间服务器

在极轨气象卫星数据接收系统中,时间统一性对气象卫星资料接收质量有着重要影响。因此需要时间服务器为系统提供统一的时间基准,从而保证卫星资料的完整按时接收。由于GPS时钟具有稳定、准确的特点,将其作为时间服务器的信号源。为了保证GPS时间服务器正常工作,有必要对其进行状态监视。在VB60环境下,利用串口通信成功实现了对时间服务器的监视、管理功能。监视功能为时间服务器故障的发现、定位与记录提供了重要依据。管理功能包括参数查询、功能设置等,方便用户对时间服务器的操作。     

Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island (South China) and their implications on the amalgamation of the Indochina and South China Blocks: Kinematic and Ar/Ar geochronological constraints

A kinematic and geochronological study has been carried out on the Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island, the southern South China Block. There are WNW- and NE-trending high-strain shear zones with greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism in this island. Kinematic indicators suggest a dextral top-to-the-NNE thrust shearing for the WNW-trending high-strain shear zones and a sinistral top-to-the-SE thrust shearing for the NE-trending shear zones. The quartz c-axis orientations of mylonitic rocks exhibit the domination of basal slip and some activation of a rhombohedra gliding system. The timing of shearing for these shear zones has been constrained by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating analyses of synkinematic minerals. Middle Triassic (242–250 Ma) and late Triassic–early Jurassic (190–230 Ma) have been identified for the WNW- and NE-trending shear zones, respectively. A synthesis of these kinematic and thermogeochronological data points to a two-stage tectonic model for Hainan Island, that is, top-to-the-NNE oblique thrusting at 240–250 Ma followed by top-to-the-SE oblique thrusting at 190–230 Ma. In combination with the available data from the southern South China and Indochina Blocks, it is inferred that South Hainan and North Hainan have affinity to the Indochina and South China Blocks, respectively. The tectonic boundary between South Hainan and North Hainan lies roughly along the WNW-trending Changjiang–Qionghai tectonic zone probably linking to the Song Ma and Ailaoshan zones. The middle Triassic structural pattern of Hainan Island is spatially and temporally compatible with those of the South China and Indochina Blocks, and thus might be a derivation from the amalgamation of the Indochina with South China Blocks in response to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean and subsequent subduction/collision.     

新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段新构造期构造样式分析

新乡-商丘断裂是南华北盆地与渤海湾盆地、鲁西隆起的分界断裂,是一条长期活动的区域性深大断裂。浅层地震勘探与跨断层钻孔联合剖面探测工作已证实该断裂延津至封丘段的最新活动时代为晚更新世,本文通过对典型地震勘探剖面和钻探资料综合分析认为:新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段断裂结构复杂,新近纪以来构造样式在不同构造部位有显著差异。延津段在地震勘探剖面上浅部显示为负花状构造;封丘段变化较大,东部在剖面上为多组阶状正断层组合,形成了由断层带控制的构造背斜,平面上表现为NW向排列、走向NNE雁列状断层组合;西部结构单一,自东向西断裂控制的浅部地层变形范围增大,断层带逐步变宽。根据新乡-商丘断裂延津至封丘段剖面上的构造样式与平面上的组合模式,表明该段断裂最新活动具有走滑运动性质。     

Identification of optimal soil hydraulic functions and parameters for predicting soil moisture

Abstract

The accuracy of six combined methods formed by three commonly-used soil hydraulic functions and two methods to determine soil hydraulic parameters based on a soil hydraulic parameter look-up table and soil pedotransfer functions was examined for simulating soil moisture. A novel data analysis and modelling approach was used that eliminated the effects of evapotranspiration so that specific sources of error among the six combined methods could be identified and quantified. By comparing simulated and observed soil moisture at six sites of the USDA Soil Climate Analysis Network, we identified the optimal soil hydraulic functions and parameters for predicting soil moisture. Through sensitivity tests, we also showed that adjusting only the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, K_s , is insufficient for representing important effects of macropores on soil hydraulic conductivity. Our analysis illustrates that, in general, soil hydraulic conductivity is less sensitive to K_s than to the soil pore-size distribution parameter.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor D. Hughes

Citation Pan, F., McKane, R.B. and Stieglitz, M., 2012. Identification of optimal soil hydraulic functions and parameters for predicting soil moisture. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 723–737.     

临沂市基准地价提升探析

土地级别与基准地价都是城镇土地利用情况的反映,是揭示土地资产价值的科学方法,是政府宏观调控土地市场、科学合理配置土地资产的价格参考。及时更新土地级别和基准地价是地价管理的基础和前提,也是政府和国土资源行政管理部门的职责。     

铀对(Ⅱ型)低熟烃源岩生烃演化的影响Ⅱ

在油、气、煤、铀多种能源矿产形成演化富集成藏(矿)过程中,有机-无机相互作用是普遍存在的,在有机质的强大吸附作用及其所提供的还原环境为铀的富集成矿起促进作用的同时,铀也改变了烃源岩的生烃演化进程。本文在Ⅱ型低熟烃源岩中加入碳酸铀酰溶液的条件下进行了生烃模拟实验,对比无铀-加铀样品生烃模拟实验产物的相关参数,以探讨油气生成过程中无机铀所起的作用。从实验结果可以看出,铀可以使产物中不饱和烃向饱和烃转化;促进长链烃的裂解,促进低分子量烃类的产生,从而使CH4的含量提高,使生成的烃类的干气化程度增加。铀可以在低温阶段促进有机质的成熟度,降低烃源岩的生烃门限,使低熟烃源岩早期生成烃类;同时在高温阶段阻止有机质过度成熟,利于所生成烃的保存。因而铀可能是未熟-低熟油气生成可能的无机促进因素之一。     

黔东北西溪堡锰矿的沉淀形式与含锰层位中黄铁矿异常高δ34S值的成因

笔者等对黔东北松桃县的西溪堡锰矿床中锰矿石进行了元素含量分析,对含锰层位中黄铁矿进行了S同位素和微量元素分析.锰矿石稀土元素和微量元素特征表明,Mn是以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀,锰碳酸岩是在成岩过程中转化而成.黄铁矿形态学、微量元素和稀土元素特征指示黄铁矿形成于强还原、偏碱性的成岩环境.黄铁矿异常高的δ34S值反映了新元古代间冰期海洋深部低硫酸盐浓度和高的硫酸盐细菌还原速率,表明南华纪(成冰纪)大塘坡早期阶段深部海洋并没有被完全氧化.含锰层位中黄铁矿异常高的δ34S值存在两种可能的形成机制:①在极低SO42-浓度下,通过BSR即可产生δ34SCDT高达58.7‰的黄铁矿;②海洋深部硫酸盐虽然具有很高的δ34S值,但却并没有高达58.7‰,δ34 SCDT高达58.7‰的黄铁矿的形成是BSR和H2S与Mn02之间发生厌氧歧化氧化反应两个过程综合作用的结果,即在水体中SO42-浓度极低的情况下,硫酸盐和还原产物H2S之间硫同位素分馏达到最小,H2S的δ34S值接近母体硫酸盐,BSR产生的H2S被活性铁矿物固定形成的FeS与Mn02之间发生歧化氧化反应所产生的同位素动力学分馏效应使FeS相对硫酸盐富集34S.     

Characterisation of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil by direct-shear test

Abstract

In this study, the mechanical behaviour of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil (NmC3S) was evaluated and characterised by the direct-shear testing of seashore soft soil (3S), cement reinforced seashore soft soil (C3S) and NmC3S. The comparison among these three types of soils indicates that NmC3S has greater shear strength and deformation modulus than C3S and 3S. The shear stress of both C3S and NmC3S increase significantly prior to a shear displacement of 1.0?mm, followed by a sharp decline before reaching the critical state. The failure displacement increases as the applied normal stress increases. NmC3S demonstrated greater friction angle than both C3S and 3S; however, the magnitude of its cohesion lies between that of C3S and 3S. Moreover, a mathematical model that describes the shear stress–displacement curve was proposed, which can effectively model the strain-hardening and strain-softening curves of these three types of clays. Finally, a generalised formula for capturing the stress–displacement behaviour of these three materials is presented with the explanations for the physical meaning of each parameter.     

低低跟踪重力卫星星间距离变率对区域质量异常敏感度分析

推导了区域质量变化和球谐系数变化量之间的函数关系,根据该关系式可将不同区域质量异常对重力场变化的影响分离出来。设计仿真实验,分析时变重力场模型下星间距离变率相对稳态背景重力场模型下星间距离变率值的残差变化。结果表明,区域质量异常对星间距离变率的影响在空间分布上是有限的,但星间距离变率对区域质量异常具有很高的敏感性。