Spatio-temporal Pattern of Surface Albedo in Beijing and Its Driving Factors based on Geographical Detectors

Surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget, and is a crucial variable in local and global climate research. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface albedo is analysed for Beijing in 2015, and the corresponding individual and interactive driving forces of different explanatory factors are quantitatively assessed based on geographical detectors. The results show that surface albedo is high in the southeast and low in the northwest of Beijing, with the greatest change occurring in winter and the smallest change occurring in spring. The minimum and maximum annual surface albedo values occurred in autumn and winter, respectively, and showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. LULC, NDVI, elevation, slope, temperature, and precipitation each had a significant influence on the spatial pattern of albedo, yielding explanatory power values of 0.537, 0.625, 0.512, 0.531, 0.515 and 0.190, respectively. Some explanatory factors have significant differences in influencing the spatial distribution of albedo, and there is significant interaction between them which shows the bivariate enhancement result. Among them, the interaction between LULC and NDVI was the strongest, with a q-statistic of 0.710, while the interaction between temperature and precipitation was the weakest, with a q-statistic of 0.531. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface albedo in Beijing and the physical processes of energy modules in regional climate and land surface models.     

闽西南清流地区加里东期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成研究

通过对玮埔岩体两个代表性样品进行锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb测年获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(429.9±3.0)Ma、(446.3±4.0)Ma,证明该岩体确实不是最早认为的印支期花岗岩,而是加里东期岩体。同时对宁化岩体一个样品的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb测年结果得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(448.2±2.5)Ma,同样属于加里东期岩体。进一步对闽西南清流地区玮埔和宁化岩体的锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成分析表明,εHf(t)值主要集中在-0.8～-10.4之间,且Hf二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)集中在1.72～2.34Ga之间,表明其岩浆源区来自华夏地块元古代地壳物质。并结合其他己发表的相关年代学和地球化学资料,可以推断包括玮埔和宁化岩体在内的华南内陆地区加里东期花岗岩很可能是元古宙基底深熔而成的产物;其形成与陆内地壳物质叠置加厚所引起的再造作用关系紧密。     

基于单片机和无线数传电台的流速仪信号器的研制

传统水文缆道使用"有线"或"无线"回路进行流速信号传输,但是这两种回路都存在结构复杂、电参数不稳定等固有缺点,所以造成传输不稳定、故障排查困难等问题,严重影响了测流工作的正常进行。本文提出采用单片机作为控制核心,使用无线数传电台建立传输信道来进行流速信号传输,经过实用取得了较好效果。     

中国东南海域活跃火强度时空动态与发生类型

自然和人为因素引发的植被火是全球生态系统的重要干扰因子,而基于卫星获取的活跃火（active fires）是探究人-火关系与活跃火发生机理、扩展机制的基础。相对于陆域活跃火,海上活跃火发生的时空动态及其强度、类型等研究较为薄弱。基于VIIRS活跃火和海洋地形等数据,通过分析中国东南海域活跃火发生的时间规律、强度特征、地形属性和距海岸线距离等特性,初步确定了海上活跃火类型界定体系。结果表明：(1)本区相同位置活跃火发生具有时序性。2015年前后两年内相同位置活跃火逐渐减少,且低纬地区更突出;而2015年前后三年内低纬地区活跃火发生强度稳定、高纬地区逐渐减少。(2)中国东南海域活跃火呈现明显的空间集-疏特征,即沿岸海域“条带状”聚集区、以曾母暗沙为中心的“团状”聚集区、南海诸岛周围的分散区。(3) 2012—2013年、2015年、2020年活跃火总强度与其月均强度变化一致,即其发生强度增强归因于活跃火的面状、分散发生;2014年、2016—2019年活跃火总强度与月均强度峰值不同步,即其强度增强归因于活跃火的点状、集中发生。(4)基于时空、强度和集聚特征,结合人类活动频繁区布局,将发生时...     

双偏振天气雷达PUP地图细化的设计和实现

榕江新一代天气雷达配套的PUP地图地理信息精度只达到县级,不能满足人工影响天气和人工消雹指挥作业地图精度至少达到乡镇级的实际工作需求;且此版本的PUP软件没有配置UserMap.dat文件,也没有自定义地图编辑功能,无法使用PUP地图细化方法。该文针对以上问题研发了新的PUP地图细化方法,并通过C#编程简化了其实现过程,完成了榕江新一代天气雷达PUP地图的细化工作,满足了短临预报等对地图精度的要求。     

COVID-19风险冲击对疫区农户生计资本的影响及其抵御效应——以湖北、安徽、重庆为例

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给农户生计发展带来了重大风险,而生计资本是抵御疫情冲击、阻断返贫危机的关键。论文以重点疫区湖北省及周边地区为研究区域,基于可持续生计分析框架,从生计资本“结构—存量”多维视角出发,采用内生转换回归模型分析疫区465户农户生计资本对疫情风险的抵御作用。研究发现：① 重点疫区农户生计资本总量不高,疫情可能诱发生计脆弱性但不是唯一要素,基层公共卫生建设也极为重要;② 生计资本对疫情风险有显著抵御效应,人力资本维度作用更为凸显,物质资本占比过高反而会削弱疫情应对能力;③ 农户生计资本结构与存量分布不均,家庭劳动力、健康投入、财富积累、居住环境、社会阅历等是核心要素;④ 疫后生计恢复主要依赖于人力与金融资本的积累,而帮扶关键在于应急和兜底保障,要根据区域农户生计特征拟定差异化的疫情常态防控举措。     

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Environmental Pollutants on Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide, as an emerging material for contaminants removal,possesses relatively large specific surface area, and it shows good dispersion in water phase due to the hydrophilicessence resulted from abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the edge, thus leading to a potential excellent adsorbent. Current studies revealthat, because graphene oxide is negatively-charged in a wide range of pHs, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and cationic dyes by graphene oxide is significantly higher than by traditional adsorbents, like activated carbon. However, its applications are still limited due to its structural defects. For example, its π domain is destructed during fabrication process. Therefore, certain structural modifications need to be conducted on the purpose of improving its performance, achieving a better result in water purification. This paper presented the preparation and structure of graphene oxide, and reviewed the adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, adsorption models and influence factors of heavy metals and organic pollutants on graphene oxide and its composites, respectively. In view of unresolved issues, further research should focus on comprehensive adsorption mechanisms, more facile and effectivemethods for structural modifications and the treatment of graphene oxide after adsorption process.     

Simulation of the Power Take-off System for a Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converter

The heaving buoy wave energy device is popular for wave conditions with small wave heights and short periods. This paper presents the design of a wave ener     

Simulation by CMIP5 models of the atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its climate impacts

This study focuses on the climatic impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as a mode of internal variability. Given the difficulties involved in excluding the effects of external forcing from internal variation, i.e., owing to the short record length of instrumental observations and historical simulations, we assess and compare the AMO and its related climatic impacts both in observations and in the “Pre-industrial” experiments of models participating in CMIP5. First, we evaluate the skill of the 25 CMIP5 models’ “Historical” simulations in simulating the observational AMO, and find there is generally a considerable range of skill among them in this regard. Six of the models with higher skill relative to the other models are selected to investigate the AMO-related climate impacts, and it is found that their “Pre-industrial” simulations capture the essential features of the AMO. A positive AMO favors warmer surface temperature around the North Atlantic, and the Atlantic ITCZ shifts northward leading to more rainfall in the Sahel and less rainfall in Brazil. Furthermore, the results confirm the existence of a teleconnection between the AMO and East Asian surface temperature, as well as the late withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon, during positive AMO phases. These connections could be mainly caused by internal climate variability. Opposite patterns are true for the negative phase of the AMO.