大地测量领域外国学者译名的不统一现象及其规范化建议

近代科学起源于西方,在各类大地测量著作中不可避免地会出现大量国外学者名.调查研究发现,以中文语言撰写的大地测量学著作外国学者译名不统一现象十分普遍.通过梳理、分析外国学者译名的不统一现象及其形成原因,以辞书、人名翻译理论为基本依据,以实际翻译实践为重要参考,给出了大地测量领域部分不规范译名的建议译名以资参考.     

集合敏感性在预报误差及可预报性研究中的应用进展综述

研究大气的可预报性和预报误差产生的原因,对于改进数值预报,提升业务预报技巧具有重要意义。集合敏感性基于具有流依赖特性的集合预报,通过建立预报与初始场或前期预报大气状态之间的统计关系,为揭示与预报对象可预报性相关的动力学特征及理解预报误差来源和传播机制提供了一种新方法。同时,介绍了集合敏感性的定义和度量,并综述了其针对典型天气系统和高影响天气事件研究的进展,并讨论了该方法的优势和局限性。     

泉州盆地地震效应的二维非线性分析

基于ABAQUS显式有限元并行计算平台,采用大尺度二维精细化有限元非线性分析方法,研究泉州盆地地震效应特征.结果表明:(1)与基岩输入地震动相比,地表峰值加速度总体呈放大效应,且盆地不同位置的放大效应存在明显差异;(2)地表或基岩剧烈起伏及土层横向分布极不均匀处,地震动易产生局部聚集效应,相应地表地震动呈显著放大或缩小效应;地表加速度反应谱产生双峰甚至多峰现象.(3)在土层竖向、横向分布不均匀处,峰值加速度沿深度方向呈非单调递减,加速度反应谱沿深度存在较大差异.场地地震效应的二维非线性分析法能在一定程度上反映特殊场地条件对地震动效应的影响,该结果可为泉州盆地及类似盆地的场地设计地震动参数的确定提供参考依据.     

Locating Parent Lightning Strokes of Sprites Observed over a Mesoscale Convective System in Shandong Province,China

In this paper, we report the location results for the parent lightning strokes of more than 30 red sprites observed over an asymmetric mesoscale convective system(MCS) on 30 July 2015 in Shandong Province, China, with a long-baseline lightning location network of very-low-frequency/low-frequency magnetic field sensors. The results show that almost all of these cloud-to-ground(CG) strokes are produced during the mature stage of the MCS, and are predominantly located in the trailing stratiform region, which is similar to analyses of sprite-productive MCSs in North America and Europe. Comparison between the location results for the sprite-producing CG strokes and those provided by the World Wide Lightning Location Network(WWLLN) indicates that the location accuracy of WWLLN for intense CG strokes in Shandong Province is typically within 10 km, which is consistent with the result based on analysis of 2838 sprite-producing CG strokes in the continental United States. Also, we analyze two cases where some minor lightning discharges in the parent flash of sprites can also be located, providing an approach to confine the thundercloud region tapped by the sprite-producing CG strokes.     

西部艰险地区水源地选址研究

为了在西部艰险地区实现军用水源地快速选址,选取地形、岩性、地貌及汇流累积量作为影响地下水富集的赋存条件因子,以土壤湿度、地表温度和植被覆盖度作为地表指示因子,以地貌作为军事防护因子进行研究。充分发挥利用遥感数据进行大范围水源地选址的优势,结合研究区地质资料进行图像解译和上述因子信息提取,建立具有不同层次结构的水源地选址评估指数模型。通过实地调查对模型进行验证,结果表明该评估指数模型预测结果可靠,适用于该地区军用水源地选址。     

高聚物复合堵水浆材在岩溶地区深孔帷幕灌浆中的应用

以云南省某水电站右岸抗力体涌水处理工程为背景,详细介绍了深孔帷幕灌浆遇到溶腔大流量高压高流速涌水的特殊情况后引进高聚物复合堵水浆材（C-GT堵水浆材）进行处理的技术特点及施工过程。为岩溶地区工程涌水处理提供了新的材料选择及处理方式,可对类似工程提供借鉴。     

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组砂糖状白云岩特征及成因机制——以广元上寺剖面为例

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组砂糖状白云岩储层勘探获得重大突破,但钻探结果表明此类砂糖状白云岩发育层位和规模变化极大,因而对其成因的把握是这类白云岩储层分布预测的关键。本文以四川盆地西北部上寺剖面栖霞组为例,通过宏微观岩石学、碳氧同位素和电子探针分析发现砂糖状白云岩具有如下特征:①主要分为层状白云岩与斑块状白云岩两类,其中层状白云岩主要位于栖二段中部,斑状白云岩则分布较为广泛,位于栖一段底部和栖二段层状白云岩上部与下部;②层状白云岩由中—粗晶白云石构成,呈砂糖状,阴极射线下发红光,MgO/CaO为0.68,δ~(13)C_(PDB)和δ~(18)O_(PDB)均值为2.42‰与-6.18‰;③栖一段底部白云质灰岩内的白云石化斑块由细—粉晶白云石构成,阴极射线下多不发光,MgO/CaO为0.54,δ~(13)C_(PDB)和δ~(18)O_(PDB)均值为1.69‰与-1.23‰;④栖二段顶部与底部斑块均呈砂糖状,阴极射线下顶部为具有不发光的核心与发红光环带的细晶白云石组成,而底部为发暗红光的中粗晶白云石组成,MgO/CaO分别为0.59和0.68,δ~(13)C_(PDB)和δ~(18)O_(PDB)均值分别为2.16‰、-6.50‰和3.32‰、-3.75‰。基于以上野外工作与室内分析结果认为,①栖霞组底部发育两个准同生暴露面,其下为斑状岩溶系统,岩溶系统多被白云石化;②栖霞组顶部发育早成岩期暴露面,岩溶分带清晰可见,岩溶系统均被白云石化;③砂糖状白云岩是由于重卤水回流渗透白云石化与热液白云石化叠合形成,但由于岩溶发育的位置与程度的不同导致两期白云石化叠合的结果存在差异。     

一种多波束声呐回波信号时延的实时特征窗分析方法

本文介绍了一种多波束声呐回波信号时延的实时分析方法。通过实时提取信号的幅度及形状的综合特征计算出信号的时延。该方法具有较强的抗干扰能力,算法快速、准确,适合于多波束声呐系统的回波信号实时分析处理。     

基于FDTD的不同土壤类型及湿度对雷电电磁场传播影响的研究

为深入研究土壤类型和土壤湿度对雷电电磁场传播效应的影响,首次将工程勘察领域研究得出的土壤湿度和电导率计算关系应用到雷电电磁场模拟计算中.基于Heidler雷电通道基电流函数模型和MTLL回击模型,在Mur一阶边界条件下,利用2D-FDTD计算粘土、粉土和砂土这三种具有代表性土壤在不同土壤湿度和观测距离下的雷电电磁场.研...     

Combined numerical investigation of the Gangda paleolandslide runout and associated dam breach flood propagation in the upper Jinsha River,SE Tibetan Plateau

A large paleolandslide occurred opposite the Gangda village in the upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau. Field geological investigations and remote sensing indicated that the Gangda paleolandslide once blocked the Jinsha River. Evidence of river blocking, including landslide dam relics, upstream lacustrine sediments, and downstream outburst sediments, has been well preserved. To understand the river-blocking event including landslide, dam breach, and associated outburst flooding, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and numerical simulations were performed in this study. OSL dating results showed that the paleolandslide dam was formed at 5.4?±?0.5 ka BP and breached at 3.4?±?0.3 ka BP, indicating that the dam lasted approximately 2000 years. The discrete element method was used to simulate the dynamics of the Gangda rock landslide based on the restored topography, while a fluid–solid coupling model was performed to simulate the landslide dam breaching and flooding. The fluid–solid coupling model can simultaneously reflect the process of landslide-dam collapse and the propagation of outburst flood. The simulated results indicate that the whole landslide process lasted about 60 s with a peak velocity of 38 m/s. It is significant that the simulated morphology of the residual landslide dam and downstream outburst sediments is consistent with the field observations. The combined numerical investigation in this paper provided new insights into the research of landscape evolution and helped to understand the chain disaster of landslide, dam breach, and flooding.