潮汐对瞬态气候响应模拟的影响研究

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed Exp_Tide and Exp_Control,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in Exp_Tide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in Exp_Tide(1.10×10~(24) J) than in Exp_Control(0.91×10~(24) J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in Exp_Tide are both larger than those observed in Exp_Control. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in Exp_Tide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.     

卤虫无节幼体的营养强化对黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla kempi)幼体发育的影响

用扁藻、酵母、“鱼油 酵母”强化和“不强化”4种方式处理的卤虫无节幼体投喂黑斑口虾蛄各期幼体,比较不同强化方法对黑斑口虾蛄幼体成活率、变态率、生长速度及总脂与脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,3种方式强化12h后的卤虫无节幼体与对照组相比,总脂含量都有不同程度的增加。卤虫无节幼体的脂肪酸组成与强化方式密切相关,其中“鱼油 酵母”强化的卤虫无节幼体20∶5n-3(EPA)和22∶6n-3(DHA)占总脂肪酸的比例最高,分别为5·74%和4·84%。投喂强化后富含EPA和DHA的卤虫无节幼体,可增加黑斑口虾蛄幼体体内脂肪酸尤其是EPA和DHA等不饱和脂肪酸的含量,从而提高其幼体的成活率、变态率与发育速度。     

1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸的数值模拟

建立了一个地震海啸数值模式,模式包含越洋海啸传播部分和近岸海啸变形部分,在越洋海啸传播部分中采用线性浅水方程,使用蛙跃格式求解,并且选择合适的空间步长与时间步长,使差分格式中产生的数值频散与包辛尼斯克方程中的物理频散一致,这样在不影响海啸数值计算精度的前提下,节省了计算机的机时与内存.在近岸海啸变形部分的计算中,考虑了非线性对流项与海底摩擦项.同时该模式采用了多重网格嵌套技术,提高了所关心地区的计算精度.利用这个地震海啸模式模拟了1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸,结果与观测记录较吻合.这个模型已用于我国沿海核电站可能最大地震海啸的数值计算.     

Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Abstract-Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980～1993)for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are an-alyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pa-cific Ocean is charcterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and theformer 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorialheat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addi-tion, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events inthe period (1980～1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1     

现代水下技术在我国水运工程建设中的应用与前景

自本世纪８０年代中期以来，世界水下工程技术随着各国科学水平的提高而得以迅速发展。本文从水下工程技术的专业范畴及特征着手，分析了现代水下技术在水运工程建设中的应用；介绍了国外现代水下技术的基本进展及趋势；评价了国内水下工程技术及装备水平，同时展示了我院近十年来在现代水下技术与装备和开发、应用方面所做的工作与实力；最后分析了国内水运工程建设发展对水下技术的挑战，以及发展我国现代水下技术装备开发研究所面     

A reliable and sensitive closing gear

The model QQC_(2-2) plankton net closing gear is a device designed to control the stratifiedsampling of the plankton net by means of a messenger. The device in its fie1d use has met with98% success in 766 times of strtified sampling of plankton at 157 stations during separatesurveys of Fujian coast zone, the Taiwan Strait, and the central section of the South China Sea,     

鲁南近浅海沉积物样品的因子分析及其地质意义

本文提出河流携带入海的沉积物或沿岸剥蚀物中矿物的分布及再组合是受多种因素控制的。为了确定控制鲁南两城河至白马河沉积物样品中矿物分布及再组合的主要因素,作者对该区109个沉积物样品的重矿物资料进行了Q型和R型因子分析。研究指出,在诸多的河流中,白马河和两城河是控制该区沉积物分布的最上要的河流;矿物的化学稳定性是决定该区矿物再组合的主要因素。     

福建海洋经济发展浅析

福建省是一个具有战略区位优势的海洋资源大省，合理开发海洋优势资料、发展海洋经济、建设海洋经济强省，对推进福建省经济持续发展具有重要的战略意义。既要加大海洋资源开发的力度，又要加强海洋资源的保护，合理调整，优化海洋产业结构，发挥科技优势，实施科技兴海战略。     

利玛原甲藻腹泻性毒素的生物学测定

１９９４年和１９９５年分季度从海南省三亚海区采集附生于褐藻上的利玛原甲藻Ｐｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍｌｉｍａ（Ｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇ）Ｄｏｄｇｅ，经丙酮提取。提取液用ｐＨ＝３的水除去麻痹性贝毒（ＰＳＰ），取残留液注入小白鼠（ＢａＢ／Ｃ纯系），有腹泻性贝毒（ＤｉａｒｒｈｅｔｉｃＳｈｅｌｌｆｉｓｈＰｏｉｓｏｎｉｎｇ即ＤＳＰ）中毒的症状出现。初步确定此种藻中提取的毒素为ＤＳＰ。     

海洋岛海域水温异常波动与养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的关系

本文对海洋岛海域水温异常波动,与该海域养殖栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系,进行了研究。首先,总结了几年来海洋岛海域养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的特征。其次,结合水温观测数据分析了水温异常波动与栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系。得出的结论是:大幅度、跳跃型水温异常波动是导致扇贝死亡主要原因。最后,通过生物试验证实了上述观点。