青海东昆仑南坡成矿带铜钴矿预测中的主要科技问题

青海省东昆仑南坡金铜铅锌多金属成矿带经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化历史,产有丰富的金、铜、铅、锌、钼等金属矿产,但在铜钴矿预测中仍存在一些关键科学问题需进一步研究解决。本文在详述了区域地层、侵入岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等区域成矿地质背景的基础上,分析了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带地质工作程度低、研究程度低、成矿预测的基础科学问题不清、矿产勘查项目所引用的基础资料与研究工作所引用的基础资料明显不一致和主要矿床类型及预测方向等主要科学技术问题,探讨了该成矿带铜钴矿产预测现状与预测思路,从而提出了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带开展铜钴矿预测的工作方向。     

新疆金窝子片麻状花岗岩锆石U-Pb 年代学、 地球化学特征及其地质意义

[摘 要]金窝子金矿是新疆东部重要的金矿床之一,其赋矿围岩为上泥盆统金窝子组火山碎屑岩-沉积岩和金窝子片麻状花岗岩。前人研究显示金窝子片麻状花岗岩形成时代为356～392Ma,变化范围较大,且与金窝子组底部有片麻状花岗岩砾石的地质事实不符,在一定程度上制约着金矿床成矿作用和成矿地质背景的研究。金窝子片麻状花岗岩准确时代的确定,是研究该金矿成矿规律和构造岩浆演化的基础和关键。因此,本文采用高精度LA-ICP-MS 方法对金窝子片麻状花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb 定年和Hf 同位素研究。研究结果表明,片麻状花岗岩岩浆结晶时代为429.1±2.7Ma,形成于中志留世,结合野外观察认为岩体时代应早于金窝子组地层,两者为不整合关系。锆石的ε_HF(t)值和Hf 同位素两阶段模式年龄分别介于-3. 5～+1.2 和2545Ma～3072Ma 之间。地球化学资料显示,片麻状花岗岩轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素( Rb、Th 和K) 相对富集,Nb、Ta 和Ti 等高场强元素相对亏损,A/ CNK 在1.13～1.14之间,具有高K 钙碱性系列岩石的特征和岛弧钙碱性岩浆活动的特征,该岩体的形成与南天山洋早古生代晚期的闭合以及后来塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的碰撞密切相关。     

Glacier-dammed lake in Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum

Lacustrine, alluvial terraces and sediments record at least one Holocene glacially dammed lake in Songzong Basin immediately upstream of the Purlung TsangpoRiver, a main tributary of the downstream of Yarlung Tsangpo River, at the northeastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. The lacustrine deposit is more than 88 meters thick at the SongzongLandslide. There is an 18.33 meters thick layer of lacustrine silt within the lacustrine terrace. The Optical Simulated Luminescence (OSL) ages at the bottom and top of the lacustrine silt layerare 22.5±3.3ka B.P., and 16.1±1.7ka B.P., respectively, which indicates that the lacustrine deposits were formed during the Last Glacial Maximum ranging from 25kaB.P. to 15kaB.P.The ancient shorelines and the lake erosion zone confirm the preexistence of Songzong Lake. There are also terraces formed by moraines in the Songzong Basin. The high and large moraineterrace seen near the mouth of the Dongqu Valley is very prominent. The special characteristics of thelacustrine sediment and the ancient lake line in the Songzong Basin indicate that the lacustrinesediments are related to the blocking of the Purlung Tsangpo River by a glacier from DongquValley during Last Glacial Maximum.     

黑龙江省松嫩平原南部土壤硒元素循环特征

硒(Se)是生态环境中重要的微量元素,其丰缺与人和动植物健康有着密切关系。选择黑龙江省松嫩平原南部,在多目标区域地球化学调查获取的Se元素数据基础上,采集大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、化肥等土壤硒输入端元,以及植物收割、下渗水等输出端元样品,计算土壤Se输入输出通量,研究土壤硒循环特征,并预测土壤Se未来发展趋势。结果发现:研究区总体上为土壤低Se区,Se不足和潜在Se不足面积占总面积的35.20%;土壤Se的主要输入途径为大气干湿沉降,可达总输入量的70%～90%,主要输出途径为土壤下渗水,约占总输出量的73%;研究区土壤Se为净积累状态,预测表明20年后土壤Se不足和潜在Se不足面积将从目前的35.20%下降到31.7%。     

三种仿寿山“坑头冻”印材的宝石矿物学特征

为研究缅甸翡翠中的哪些部位适合做烧红处理以及该部位能被烧红的原因,采用加热实验、偏光显微镜、红外光谱及差热分析方法对缅甸翡翠样品的原生部位、雾部位的加热前、后的特征进行了测试与分析。结果显示,翡翠中的蓝雾部位及黄雾部位适合做烧红处理,原生部位不适合烧红处理,蓝雾部位可以被烧成黄色及红色,黄雾部位可以被烧成红色。雾部位适合用来做烧红处理的原因在于,在低温的加热条件下,蓝雾部位中的大量的Fe2＋发生价态变化,实现由绿泥石向针铁矿的转变所导致,该过程由表及里逐步进行。原生部位的主要矿物硬玉需被加热更高的温度,在破坏其晶格的情况下,才可以呈现出红色,且该红色不具有褐色调。     

遥感技术在四川省盐源地区煤炭资源调查评价中的应用

以卫星遥感技术为主要手段,通过室内遥感地质解译和野外调查验证,结合聚煤规律研究分析,对四川省盐源地区各时代含煤地层的含煤性及赋存规律进行了总结,最终圈定了8个含煤远景区,即盖祖-桃子含煤远景区、盐塘含煤远景区、梅雨含煤远景区、营盘山含煤远景区、小高山含煤远景区、大坡-白乌含煤远景区、巴折含煤远景区、白马-金河-藤桥含煤远景区;其中,盐塘、梅雨及白马-金河-藤桥含煤远景区为资源潜力较好区域,为该区进一步开展煤炭资源勘查工作提供了有利靶区。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000266

Major,trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations of Late Triassic sediments(finegrained sandstones and mudstones) from Hongcan Well 1 in the NE part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin, western China,are used to reveal weathering,provenance and tectonic setting of inferred source areas. The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) reflects a low to moderate degree of chemical weathering in a cool and somewhat dry climate,and an A-CN-K plot suggests an older upper continental crust provenance dominated by felsic to intermediate igneous rocks of average tonalite composition.Based on the various geochemical tectonic setting discrimination diagrams,the Late Triassic sediments are inferred to have been deposited in a back-arc basin situated between an active continental margin(the Kunlun-Qinling Fold Belt) and a continental island arc(the Yidun Island Arc).The Triassic sediments in the study area underwent a rapid erosion and burial in a proximal slope-basin environment by the petrographic data. while the published flow directions of Triassic lurbidites in the Aba-Zoige region was not supported Yidun volcanic arc source.Therefore,we suggest that the Kunlun-Qinling tcrrane is most likely to have supplied source materials to the northeast part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin during the Late Triassic.     

The 2010 Yushu earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence modeling

The Yushu County, Qinghai Province, China, April 14, 2010, earthquake triggered thousands of landslides in a zone between 96°20′32.9″E and 97°10′8.9″E, and 32°52′6.7″N and 33°19′47.9″N. This study examines the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology and Bayesian statistics in creating a suitable landslide hazard-zone map of good predictive power. A total of 2,036 landslides were interpreted from high-resolution aerial photographs and multi-source satellite images pre- and post-earthquake, and verified by selected field checking before a final landslide-inventory map of the study area could be established using GIS software. The 2,036 landslides were randomly partitioned into two subsets: a training dataset, which contains 80 % (1,628 landslides), for training the model; and a testing dataset 20 % (408 landslides). Twelve earthquake triggered landslide associated controlling parameters, such as elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, topographic position, distance from main surface ruptures, peak ground acceleration, distance from roads, normalized difference vegetation index, distance from drainages, lithology, and distance from all faults were obtained from variety of data sources. Landslide hazard indices were calculated using the weight of evidence model. The landslide hazard map was compared with training data and testing data to obtain the success rate and predictive rate of the model, respectively. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the hazard map and the existing landslide distribution data. The success rate is 80.607 %, and the predictive rate is 78.855 %. The resulting landslide hazard map showed five classes of landslide hazard, i.e., very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The landslide hazard evaluation map should be useful for environmental recovery planning and reconstruction work.     

Compositional fractionation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the karst soils, South China

This study aims to explore the condensation and fractionation trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the karst soils. The tiankeng is a karst surface expression that can act as a focal point for introduction of contaminants to a karst aquifer, which may serve both as condenser for vapor phase POPs and as barrier/sink for particulate associated less volatile POPs. The fractionation of POPs in soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng is of interest in understanding the role of tiankeng in the long-distance transport of POPs. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soils from the upper rim and floor of Dashiwei tiankeng in Southern China were analyzed. The total PAH concentrations in soils were 23.40–190 ng g⁻¹, with phenanthrene being the most abundant. The distribution patterns of PAH compounds in the soil samples matched well with their properties. It indicated the heavy PAHs were susceptible to retention by the floor soils of tiankeng than light PAHs. A plot of Cfloor/Crim against PAH molecular weight gave a good positive relationship in the molecular weight range of 152–276. It is suggested that the floor soils can be focal points of more concentrated PAH and deserve attention. The concentrations of total PAHs in the floor soils (43.40–190 ng g⁻¹, mean 87.76 ng g⁻¹) were higher than those in the upper rim (23.40–88.94 ng g⁻¹, mean 57.74 ng g⁻¹). In addition, there was a shift in compound pattern with an increase in the proportion of light PAHs (2–3 rings), a decrease in heavy PAHs (5–6 rings) and a relatively stable content of 4-ring PAHs. A combination of particulate scavenging and cold condensation is proposed as the major mechanism for the compositional fractionation of PAHs in the soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng.     

地表辐射温度取代地表温度的可行性分析——以“风云2号”C星与MODIS数据为例

为了反演出全天各个时刻的地表温度数据,在不考虑大气水汽含量和地表比辐射率的情况下,首先建立“风云2号”C星2个热红外通道数据相对于MODIS地表温度数据之间的回归方程,反演出各个时刻的5 km空间分辨率的地表辐射温度;然后根据地表温度最大值和最小值出现的时间,将反演的地表辐射温度降尺度到1 km空间分辨率,在同时刻、同...