高分五号大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪甲醛反演可行性分析及初步结果

大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪EMI（ Environmental trace gases Monitoring Instrument）是搭载在“高分五号”（GF-5）卫星上的覆盖紫外—可见光波段的光谱仪,用于测量240—710 nm波长范围内的地球后向散射和太阳辐射,旨在量化全球对流层和平流层痕量气体的分布,如臭氧、二氧化氮等。本文关注EMI载荷对大气弱痕量气体甲醛（HCHO）的探测能力,并基于实测数据初步评估EMI HCHO产品的探测能力与精度。研究结果表明EMI的辐照度波长校准精度高,但在不同行之间存在较大的不均匀性,其波长校正的精度与仪器的狭缝函数高度依赖行位置的变化。基于EMI的HCHO反演的结果表明,EMI UV2频段的标称信噪比较低,使得利用差分吸收光谱技术（DOAS）得到的HCHO斜柱浓度SCD（Slant Column Density）存在较大的随机误差和拟合残差。现阶段,评估得到的EMI HCHO斜柱浓度的不确定性为1.2×10¹⁶ molec./cm²。与国际同类载荷TROPOMI（TROPospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument）、OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）的交叉对比验证结果表明,EMI可以捕捉到中国地区夏季HCHO的空间分布特征。EMI & TROPOMI与EMI & OMI的相关系数均大于0.8。但是在华东地区EMI HCHO普遍高于OMI和TROPOMI,其原因需要进一步研究。本文的研究证明了EMI对夏季HCHO的探测潜力及不足,可为后续类似载荷的指标设计和算法研发提供参考。     

北京市产业结构与土地利用结构的关系研究

分析产业结构与土地利用结构之间的关系,为产业结构调整政策及土地利用结构优化提供依据。以处于不同经济发展阶段的北京市18个区(县)作为案例区。首先,采用人均GDP和产业产值结构等指标对各区(县)的经济发展阶段进行判断;其次,分析各区(县)各类产业用地的结构特征;第三,采用地均产值(VA)指标分析各类产业的用地效益,采用产值占地比值比(OR)指标分析各个产业的产值与用地量之间的关联方式。结果显示:第三产业地均产值高于第二产业及第一产业,但变化规律并不相同;全市三次产业的产值与用地之间都不是完全协调的关系。结论是产业结构调整是提升土地集约利用水平的主要途径,集约用地政策也是引导和约束产业结构调整的重要手段。     

An integrated model to simulate sown area changes for major crops at a global scale

Dynamics of land use systems have attracted much attention from scientists around the world due to their ecological and socio-economic implications. An integrated model to dynamically simulate future changes in sown areas of four major crops (rice, maize, wheat and soybean) on a global scale is pre- sented. To do so, a crop choice model was developed on the basis of Multinomial Logit (Logit) model to model land users' decisions on crop choices among a set of available alternatives with using a crop utility function. A GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was adopted to simulate the crop yields under a given geophysical environment and farming management conditions, while the International Food Policy and Agricultural Simulation (IFPSIM) model was utilized to estimate crop price in the international market. The crop choice model was linked with the GIS-based EPIC model and the IFPSIM model through data exchange. This integrated model was then validated against the FAO statistical data in 2001-2003 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) global land cover product in 2001. Both validation approaches indicated reliability of the model for ad- dressing the dynamics in agricultural land use and its capability for long-term scenario analysis. Finally, the model application was designed to run over a time period of 30 a, taking the year 2000 as baseline. The model outcomes can help understand and explain the causes, locations and consequences of land use changes, and provide support for land use planning and policy making.     

A generic method to organize boundaries of complex polygons for embedded devices

Based on an analysis of drawbacks in the existing graphical display of complex area objects in embedded system, the paper introduces a new method termed as consecutive boundary organization (CBO) which is able to convert a large number of separate polygons belonging to the same area object into a single consecutive stroke fitting for quick display. The working principle of the CBO method is demonstrated in three cases that can typically occur to the real-world concept “lake”: (1) a lake with an island in it, (2) a lake with multiple islands, and (3) the nested lake-island-lake. In spite of complicated inclusion relationships, the CBO method can always construct an integral stroke with neither information loss nor redundancy. Experiments with a real dataset of lakes and islands from North America have proved the feasibility and efficiency of the CBO method. Due to its generic nature, the CBO method can be applied to any other complex area objects with multiple polygons and inclusion levels.     

Paleomagnetic results of the Cretaceous marine sediments in Tongyouluke, southwest Tarim

Southwest Tarim (hereafter SW Tarim) is one of afew areas that well developed Cretaceous marinesedimentary rocks in China [1]. The Cretaceous marinesediments are stretched in front area along the Tian-shan and Kunlun Mountains. Toward the center ofTarim Basin, the Cretaceous sediments are buried bygreat thickness of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentswith little exposure. Compared with the Cretaceousterrestrial strata of north Tarim, the Cretaceous marinestrata of SW Tarim continue and d…     

遥感图像蚁群算法和加权图像到类距离检索法

遥感图像检索目的是从遥感图像库中寻找出与查询图像相关的图像,但在检索过程中一般只考虑查询图像与待检索图像的相似度,通常忽略了遥感图像库中图像之间的语义相似度.针对该问题,本文提出一种基于蚁群算法和改进的加权图像到类距离的遥感图像检索算法.首先利用信息素浓度描述遥感图像库中图像之间的语义相似度,然后采用蚁群算法更新信息素...     

雷电临近预警系统的运行试验

介绍了中国气象科学研究院研发的雷电临近预警系统(CAMSLNWS)在北京地区开展的业务运行试验.通过运行测试以及预警结果与闪电监测结果的对比评估,表明:CAMS.LNWS能够稳定运行,定时读取多种探测资料、自动生成并循环显示雷电发生概率、雷电活动区域移动趋势和重点区域雷电危险度等级三种雷电临近预警产品;CAMS.LNWS的雷电发生概率预警产品具有较高的命中率,能够较好地对0～30min内可能发生闪电的区域进行有效预警;随着预警时间的延长,CAMS.LNWS的预警效果会有所降低.     

湖北金银山锑矿蚀变矿物红外光谱特征及找矿应用

鄂南锑矿地区是我国重要锑矿产地之一,研究区内发现过大量锑多金属矿床(点)。目前随着浅部锑矿资源被开发殆尽,以往对中深部的找矿勘查仍未有新的进展,因此急需寻找一套快速有效的勘查方法,对该地找矿模型与预测方面进行深入研究,以扩大资源量和找矿成果。本文以金银山锑多金属矿床作为研究对象,利用短波红外光谱技术(SWIR)对于金银山锑矿ZK3101、ZK2701钻孔岩心进行光谱扫描,厘定获得了金银山锑矿蚀变矿物种类、组合、波谱参数等信息,并划分出蚀变矿物分带,分析矿化与蚀变矿物分带之间的关系。金银山锑金矿主要蚀变矿物有云母类、绿泥石类、碳酸盐类等,其中绢云母化带与成矿关系密切。通过计算绢云母族矿物Al—OH光谱特征参数,发现矿化部位绢云母结晶度(IC值)与Al—OH 2200nm 特征峰吸收峰位值(Pos 2200)出现低值异常(IC＜2, Pos 2200＜2205 nm),可作为有效的示矿指标。认为应用短波红外光谱技术可以快速圈定锑金矿体,有效指导矿产勘查,降低找矿成本,提高勘查效率,实现找矿突破。     

煤层层滑构造地球物理特征及预测方法

煤层层滑构造会引发煤层性质变化,进而影响煤矿安全开采。为此基于层滑构造发育的地质特征,应用反射波运动学以及动力学研究方法,对煤矿已揭露地质信息与地震剖面进行对比,研究煤层层滑构造的地震响应特征。通过分析层滑构造在不同地震属性下弹性波运动学及动力学特征及其变化规律,确立不同地震信息响应特征与层滑构造之间的关系。基于层滑构造所引发的煤层变化及地震响应变化规律,利用多信息融合技术解释区域内煤层厚度变化规律、划分构造煤发育带,进而圈定层滑构造区域。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷致密砂岩-膏泥岩储盖组合断裂带内部结构及与天然气成藏关系

本文在野外观察描述基础上,系统分析了库车坳陷致密砂岩-膏泥岩储盖组合内断裂变形机制,研究表明:断裂在膏泥岩内变形机制取决于埋藏深度决定的脆塑性,膏泥岩在浅埋条件下处于脆性变形阶段,形成断层泥充填的贯通型断裂,垂向封闭能力很差;膏泥岩在较深埋条件下处于脆-塑性变形阶段,形成涂抹型断裂带,伴随断距增加,涂抹逐渐失去连续性,连续的膏岩涂抹形成有效封闭,一旦失去连续性,油气将穿越盖层垂向散失;膏泥岩在深埋条件下处于塑性变形阶段,膏泥岩限制断裂穿层。因此,塑性膏泥岩和脆-塑性膏泥岩在涂抹连续情况下,能够形成有效封闭。断裂变形时储层已经致密化,抬升作用和储层超压导致断裂变形机制以破裂为主,断层核为断层角砾岩,破碎带发育大量裂缝,为油气垂向运移通道,侧向封闭依靠岩性对接。这种岩性对接封闭导致天然气聚集模式具有3个典型特征:一是天然气紧邻区域性盖层分布,即天然气层之上为区域性盖层;二是区域性盖层与储层对接形成有效封闭,因此天然气主要分布在气源断裂上升盘;三是烃柱高度取决于断距大小,圈闭范围内最小断距决定烃柱高度和气-水界面分布。