Submicron-sized fluid inclusions and distribution of hydrous components in jadeite,quartz and symplectite-forming minerals from UHP jadeite–quartzite in the Dabie Mountains,China: TEM and FTIR investigation

Fluid inclusions and clusters of water molecules at nanometer-to submicron-scale in size have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in jadeite, quartz and symplectite aegirine–augite, albite, taramite and magnetite corona minerals from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) jadeite–quartzite at Shuanghe, the Dabie Mountains, China. Fluid inclusions from 0.003 μm to 0.78 μm in size occur in jadeite and quartz crystals, and a small number of fluid inclusions from 0.001 μm to 0.25 μm have also been detected in symplectite-forming minerals. Most of the fluid inclusions have round or negative crystal morphology and contain aqueous fluids, but some contain CO₂-rich fluids. They are usually connected to dislocations undetectable at an optical scale. The dislocations represent favorable paths for fluid leakage, accounting for non-decrepitation of most fluid inclusions when external pressure decreased at later stages, although there was partial decrepitation of some fluid inclusions unconnected to defect microstructures resulting from internal overpressure. Non-decrepitation and partial decrepitation of fluid inclusions resulted in changes of original composition and/or density. It is clear that identification of hidden re-equilibration features has significant implications for the petrological interpretation of post-peak metamorphic processes. Micro-FTIR results show that all jadeite and quartz samples contain structural water occurring as hydroxyl ions (OH⁻) and free water (H₂O) in the form of clusters of water molecules. The H₂O transformed from OH⁻ during exhumation and could have triggered and enhanced early retrograde metamorphism of the host rocks and facilitated plastic deformation of jadeite and quartz grains by dislocation movement, and thus the H₂O released during decompression might represent early-stage retrograde metamorphic fluid. The nominally anhydrous mineral (NAM) jadeite is able to transport aqueous fluids in concentrations of at least several hundred ppm water along a subduction zone to mantle depths in the form of clusters of water molecules and hydroxyl ions within crystals.     

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over typical underlying surfaces

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over Gobi and mobile sand surface have been investigated experimentally in the wind tunnel. The primary goal of this paper is to reveal the relation- ship between pulsatory characteristics of instantaneous wind speed in sand flow and the motion state of sand grains. For a given underlying surface, pulsation of wind velocities in sand flow on different heights has a good correlation. As the space distance among different heights increases, fluctuation of instantaneous wind speed presents a decreasing trend and its amplitude is closely related to the mo- tion state of sand grains and their transport. Pulsatory intensity increases with the indicated wind speed, but its relative value does not depend on it, only agrees with height.     

华清4#泉水溶气体百分含量合计的强震远场前兆特征

华清4#泉水溶气体百分含量合计(QB)的取值范围为100±5.按4舍5入法取整数值,将其分为11个区段.以年为单位,统计QB落在每个区段内的频次.频率分布直方图显示,在QB取值区间内,分区段频率呈近似正态分布.将落入QB频率最高的区段称为轴,将轴在不同区段上位置的变化称为轴漂.研究表明,QB在不同区段上轴的漂移,反映了区域应力场的不同状态.轴落入99区段上,反映的是区域应力场的增强,与远场M≥7.0地震及伴生中强地震、鄂尔多斯块体周边后继中强地震有很好的相关性;轴落入98区段上,反映的是区域应力场的相对稳定;轴落入97区段上,反映的是巨大地震后,区域应力场的调整及中强地震活动格局的变化.文中还阐述了99区段轴值与地震对应关系的几个特征.     

基于微博数据和情感分析法的台风“米克拉”灾情过程探测

以2020年第6号台风“米克拉”为例,采集了5916条新浪微博作为数据源,综合应用隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型、文本情感分析方法和空间分析技术,挖掘、分析台风的灾情时空过程。基于LDA主题模型建立了主题-词矩阵并进行隐含主题聚类,这些微博文本被分为灾损类信息、预警类信息、防御类信息和无关信息;从主题信息和文本情感值两个角度入手,对此次台风事件网络舆情的演化过程进行分析。结果表明:“米克拉”登陆前有大量积极情感的微博,主要包含渴望降雨、降温等信息,此类微博大量分布在漳州、厦门、福州等地区;在台风入境后消极情感的微博大量增多,主要描述道路、树木等受大风和大雨影响的灾损类信息,此类信息的空间位置主要分布在漳州和厦门,能较好地反映台风灾害影响的时空分布。通过对微博主题类别和情感极性进行时空分析,实现台风灾害事件发展趋势的监测,为防灾减灾提供参考依据。     

太阳活动低年南北极电离层F2层观测与国际参考电离层对比研究

利用2006-2007年EISCAT Svalbard雷达(ESR)和南极中山站DPS-4测高仪的观测数据,对太阳活动低年不同季节的极区电离层F2层临界频率(f0F2)和峰值高度(hmF2)进行统计分析,研究其日变化特征,并与国际参考电离层IRI-2007模式比较.结果表明,在太阳活动低年,夏季两站的观测结果与IRI预...     

水文传感网环境下的河道槽蓄量自动计算

结合OGC SWE的规范和工作流技术,提出了一种水文传感网环境下的河道槽蓄量自动计算方法。该方法基于SOS规范的水文观测服务实现水文数据的发布,采用WPS规范实现河道槽蓄量计算,利用BPEL工作流技术实现服务的组合。实验采用金沙江下游水文观测数据实现了河道的槽蓄量计算,验证了方法的可行性。     

顾及邻域像元分类决策的遥感影像分类蚁群算法

为了进一步发掘蚁群算法的应用潜力,提高分类精度,将相关性引入分类规则发掘过程,试图在蚁群算法挖掘规则时既考虑像元的光谱信息,又兼顾邻近像元灰度的空间相关性,提出了一种优化的蚁群算法。算法包括对单个像元的分类规则挖掘和顾及邻域像元相关性的分类规则挖掘,单个像元的分类规则挖掘中,为使信息素缓和增加,避免陷入局部最优解,同时保证算法具有适当的收敛速度,采用自适应方案调整参数。顾及邻域像元相关性的分类规则挖掘中选用了优势类、优势度、类熵和邻域类相关性等4个指标,以反映邻域相关性对分类结果的影响。实验研究发现,顾及邻域蚁群算法的分类结果精度有了较为明显的提高,总体精度提高了3.00%,其优势主要体现在对建设用地、裸地等复杂地物的识别。研究结果表明,顾及邻域蚁群算法能够更准确地提取光谱信息复杂的地物,有效地减弱同物异谱和异物同谱现象的干扰。     

深远海养殖多主体协同创新价值链构建机制研究

深远海养殖是我国发展海洋经济、建设海洋强国的重要手段。我国深远海养殖是以科技创新为基础的新兴技术产业,通过协同创新提升深远海养殖新质生产力是现阶段我国亟须解决的问题。文章运用三级编码的方法,对与深远海养殖相关新闻报道资料进行编码及理论饱和度检验,探索深远海养殖多主体协同创新价值链机制,结果表明：在政府多方位战略布局的支持与指导下,企业通过多主体协同创新获得创新知识,并多方向转化为新产品/服务、新流程、新业态,本质上实现了价值链创新,最终可以获得经济、社会与生态创新效益。     

正演模拟技术在白云岩薄储层预测研究中的应用

四川盆地白云岩储层普遍发育,勘探潜力巨大,但是由于其复杂性,导致储层预测极其困难.针对这种情况,开展地震正演模拟方法研究白云岩储层的地震响应特征进而指导储层预测是十分必要的.某地区二叠统柄霞组白云岩储层地震响应不清,为了厘清储层的地震响应特征,结合已知钻井情况,建立了不同的地质正演模型来研究储层的地震响应.通过分析正演模拟结果得到:在下伏为高速地层时,储层的地震响应为弱波峰反射;在下伏为低速地层时,储层的响应特征受下伏地层影响,表现为波谷反射,但是在消除下伏地层影响后储层响应仍表现为弱波峰反射特征.同时,结合地震多属性和高精度地震反演,综合预测白云岩储层的发育情况.地震正演模拟方法为研究白云岩储层地震响应特征提供了一定的依据,同时也为白云岩储层的进一步研究提供了手段.