Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude environments.But to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable dating.These sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of hunter-gatherers.In 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation.Zooarchaeological analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single hearths.Our comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan Plateau.This subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.     

Analysis of Stock Market Development and CO2 Emissions on OECD Countries via an Empirical Model

Accompanying economic growth, CO₂ emissions have polluted the natural environment worldwide. This study highlights the special problems with stock market development and CO₂ emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1971–2007 to trace the trend of CO₂ emissions while countries grow their economies. A panel‐data model is applied to analyze the relationships between stock market (SM) development, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO₂ emissions in 25 OECD countries. Low‐GDP countries show different results from high‐GDP countries in the trends of SM development and CO₂ emissions, and dynamic effects occur in SM development and CO₂ emissions under various GDP conditions. There is a negative relationship between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries enjoy high economic growth, which means that these countries avoid CO₂ emissions through SM development. However, a positive relationship is found between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries experience low economic growth, which means that SM development does not show the boycott‐effect relationship with CO₂ emissions when countries experience low levels of economic development. This study shows a correlation between SM development and CO₂ emissions among OECD countries.     

日照近岸海域春秋季虾蟹类的种类组成特征

作者根据2012年5月和2013年11月对日照近岸海域进行的底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域虾蟹类的种类组成、优势种和生物多样性。调查海域共捕获虾蟹类25种,根据相对重要性指数计算优势种为8种,其中经济价值较高的中大型虾蟹类5种,分别为:口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、戴氏赤虾(Meraenaeopsis dalei)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、日本[虫寻](Charybdis japonica)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)。分别计算了日照近岸海域春、秋季虾蟹类群落的多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)。该海域虾蟹类群落多样性整体处在较低的水平,在生物量和丰度上经济较高的中大型虾蟹类物种占据优势。     

TOPMODEL在珠江流域布柳河流域的应用及其与新安江模型的比较

TOPMODEL是一种以地形为基础的半分布式流域水文模型.对珠江流域布柳河流域的DEM信息进行处理,提取流域的水系、子流域边界、地形指数及水流路径距离的分布,将TOPMODEL应用于该流域中.另外将新安江模型也应用于该流域进行比较.此外,分析了两种模型结构差异所带来的模拟功能差异.两种模型模拟结果精度差异不大,而TOPMODEL实现了空间产流面积分布的可视化.     

Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of the Liyashan oyster reefs,Jiangsu Coast,China

Oyster reefs and their spatial patterns are deemed to change the local hydrodynamic condition and exert profound impacts on the grain size, concentration and transportation of suspended sediments. Meanwhile, high suspended sediment concentration often results in excess mortality among oysters. Oyster reefs are rare and vital ecosystem in Liyashan national marine park, Jiangsu Coast, China. However, urgent conservation efforts should be made on account of the drastic reduction in reef areas. To investigate the sediment dynamics and the geomorphology, two tripod observation systems were deployed and UAV aerial surveys with elevation measurement using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) were also carried out. High mud content (60%) was found in the bed sediment at the reef ridge, causing much lower drag coefficient than other recorded values of living oyster reefs, indicating the death of oysters and the degradation of reefs in Liyashan. Ridgelines of the string reefs at 45° to the current direction and high suspended sediment concentration in the water body (50–370 mg/L) that exceeds the threshold (200 mg/L), which would affect nutrient uptake efficiency and further result in gill saturation, decrease of clearance rate and associated deposition, were probably crucial causes of the death of oysters. The findings are useful for restoring natural oyster reefs and designing artificial reefs for nature-based coastal defense.     

铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与三种丝状蓝藻间的相互作用

研究了单细胞铜绿微囊藻和三种丝状蓝藻（水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻）间的相互作用,包括以下两个方面的内容：①铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻生长的影响;②水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻细胞滤出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响．研究发现,当滤出液浓度为60％（滤出液与BG11的体积比为3：2）时,铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻的生长有显著促进效果,尤其对水华束丝藻的作用更加明显;对土生席藻的生长却起着微弱的抑制作用,仅表现于100％细胞滤出液中．对铜绿微囊藻而言,土生席藻细胞滤出液对其的生长起着显著抑制作用,浓度越高、抑制作用越强;而水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻仅在100％细胞滤出液中才表现出微弱的抑制作用．为验证营养盐浓度差异是否影响滤出液的作用效果,进行了无机营养盐（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）干扰的消除试验．结果表明,无机营养盐（（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）的改变并不影响滤出液的作用效果,从而我们推测水华蓝藻之间存在着化感作用．本研究为解释自然水体中藻类种群演替的原因,深入认识水华蓝藻的动力学机制提供了新的实验证据．     

多普勒天气雷达中气旋产品在强风预报中的应用

在深入了解WSR-88D多普勒天气雷达产品——中气旋算法的基础上,对上海地区近6年间中气旋产品的几个重要特征参数进行了统计研究,并结合局地强风的个例分析,总结了上海及周边地区中气旋发生发展过程中各阶段的基本特征。最后综合参考雷达其他相关产品,提出利用中气旋产品进行强风预报的思路,以期为准确预报局地强风天气提供一些参考信息。     

北京稳定天气条件下城市边界层环流特征数值研究

采用科罗拉多大学和MRC／ASTER共同开发的区域大气模拟系统（RAMS）对北京地区稳定天气条件下的个例进行数值模拟,通过对数值模拟结果与观测事实的比较以及敏感性试验,分析了北京城市边界层环流特征和环流影响因子在环流发展过程中的作用。结果表明：①在山谷风环流和热岛环流相互作用下形成了北京城市边界层流场特有的局地环流。②热岛中心在决定边界层环流的辐合区位置上起相对较大的作用,边界层环流的强度和发展高度由山谷风强度和热岛强度共同决定。     

IMERG卫星降水产品在我国梅雨极端降水期的适用性评估

为考察GPM卫星降水产品IMERG在梅雨极端降水期的适用性,以中国自动气象站观测数据与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据集资料作为参考,采用均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对误差MAE统计指标,对IMERG卫星降水产品在长江中下游地区2020年梅雨极端降水期的适用性进行评估。结果表明:IMERG卫星降水产品整体上与实测结果趋势一致,对于12 h和24 h累计降水,在强降水区域易出现高估。反演的3 h累计降水与实际降水一致性较好,累计降水量大于20、50、80、100 mm四种情况下的RMSE和MAE平均值均为10 mm左右。     

基于GIS的中山站至Dome A冰盖考察数据处理和信息提取

中山站至DomeA冰川学考察断面是国际ITASE计划的核心断面之一。首次利用GIS开展了该断面的数据处理与信息提取 ,采样点的布设与管理。介绍了ADD数字地图拼接与裁剪 ,野外数据和BEDMAP数据地理坐标投影变换的方法。利用ArcView内插等高线方法对GPS导航仪高程数据进行了校正。沿考察路线提取了BEDMAP的冰下基岩高程和冰厚度数据 ,以及冰盖表面的坡度与坡向数据。指出应进一步开展该断面以及兰伯特冰川盆地GIS应用研究。