Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air–Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models

State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities.Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air–sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air–sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air–sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate—the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Ni o events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Ni o events, especially the extreme El Ni o events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure(especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection) is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced.     

论变质岩区断裂构造对脉状金矿床的控制规律

系统阐述了断裂构造对金矿床分布的多级控制规律，以及断裂构造对金矿化分带，工业矿体定位和金矿化局部富集的控制规律，详细论证了断裂构造活动地金成矿的继承性及金成矿多阶段定向演化的控制规律，并探讨了断裂构造控矿机制。     

Guandishan Granitoids of the Paleoproterozoic Lüliang Metamorphic Complex in the Trans-North China Orogen:SHRIMP Zircon Ages,Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

The Paleoproterozoic Liiliang Metamorphic Complex(PLMC)is situated in the middle segment of the western margin of the Trans-North China Orogen(TNCO),North China Craton(NCC). As the most important Iithological assemblages in the southern part of the PLMC,Guandishan granitoids consist of early gneissic tonalities,granodiorites and gneissic monzogranites,and younger gneissic to massive monzogranites.Petrochemical features reveal that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites belong to the medium-K calc-alkaline series;the early gneissic monzogranites are transitional from high-K caic-alkaline to the shoshonite series;the younger gneissic to massive monzogranites belong to the high-k calc-alkaline series,and all rocks are characterized by right-declined REE patterns and negative Nb,Ta,Sr,P,and Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb isotopic dating reveal that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites formed at ～2.17 Ga,the early gneissic monzogranites at ～2.06 Ga,and the younger gneissic to massive monzogranites at ～1.84 Ga.Sm-Nd isotopic data show that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites have εNd(t) values of +0.48 to -3.19 with Nd-depleted mantle model ages (TDM)of 2.76-2.47 Ga,and early gneissic monzogranites have εNd(t) values of -0.53 to -2.51 with TDM of 2.61-2.43 Ga,and the younger gneissic monzogranites have εNd(t) values of -6.41 to -2.78 with a TDM of 2.69-2.52 Ga.These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the early gneissic tonalities,granodiorites,and monzogranites were derived from the partial melting of metamorphosed basaltic and pelitic rocks,respectively,in a continental arc setting.The younger gneissic to massive monzogranites were derived by partial melting of metamorphosed greywackes within the continental crust.Combined with previously regional data,we suggest that the PaleOproterOzOic granitoid magmatism in the Guandishan granitoids of the PLMC may provide the best geologicaI signature for the complete spectrum of Paleoproterozoic geodynamic processes in the Trans-North China Orogen from oceanic subduction.through collisional orogenesis,to post-orogenic extension and uplift.     

内蒙古天和永玄武岩成因：岩相学与矿物学分析

天和永地区南北向出露的小面积单层碱性玄武岩,岩石中出现至少三种矿物共生组合关系。所有岩石均以橄榄石作为主要斑晶矿物,大颗粒环带橄榄石斑晶中心镁值为89．5,边缘镁值为70．3,小颗粒环带橄榄石镁值46．2～78．9。粒径最小的橄榄石聚集体和散布的基质橄榄石均无明显环带,前者镁值67．4～68．1,后者镁值65．5—72．1;单斜辉石由相对高钛高铝贫硅的散布柱状辉石和相对低钛低铝富硅的聚集粒状辉石组成,前者形成于低压快速淬火环境,镁值65．1—77．1,后者形成于富含挥发份的低压低过冷度环境,镁值77．7～78．0。所有单斜辉石均以次透辉石为主,个别为深绿辉石;斜长石以包含结构产出为主,为相对偏酸性的中长石An=33．7～37．4,CaO含量低与早期大量单斜辉石结晶有关。由于残余岩浆内K,0和Na20含量富集且极不均一,晚期结晶的长石同时出现了高钠长石、K-高钠长石（歪长石）和K-透长石;钛铁氧化物多数为晚期结晶的细粒基质矿物,少量以0．3ram左右的斑晶和橄榄石斑晶中的包裹体形式存在,可归属为钛铁尖晶石（Usp）-磁铁矿（Mt）固溶体系列,晚期逐渐向贫铝、铬和富钛方向演化。由于以上各种造岩矿物的晶出,导致残余岩浆形成的火山玻璃向贫镁、铁、钙和富铝、钾方向演化,火山玻璃的全碱含量变异趋势与全岩类似,均和SiO2含量无明显相关性,火山玻璃具有响岩和粗面安山岩成分特征,K2O／Na2O值变化大0．68～1．61,均为钾玄岩系列,Na2O含量依然呈现宽区间特征,是天和永玄武岩由钾质过渡到钠质的主要原因。天和永玄武质岩浆从地幔运移到地表仅需5小时-5天,大颗粒斑晶橄榄石和小颗粒基质橄榄石生长仅需几小时到几天,前者形成无须深部岩浆房停留,后者近似晚期岩浆快速淬火时间。高镁橄榄石斑晶与残余岩浆的扩散平衡时间约42天～252天。深部结晶的橄榄石在运移途中和地表流动过程中缺乏足够的时间和适宜的动力学条件而无法离开岩浆体系。全岩与火山玻璃间缺少中间过渡成分,呈两个相对集中的端元组分存在亦由晶出矿物无法离开岩浆体系所致。天和永玄武岩的成岩时间尺度远小于同化混染和岩浆分异的时间尺度,是岩浆作用过程未能明显影响其不均一原生岩浆性质的主要原因。因此,岩浆作用的某些物理过程分析是认识岩浆起源与岩浆作用过程及其对火成岩多样性的贡献的重要方面,同时对于理解和约束岩浆作用的某些化学过程也是十分有益的。     

河南母山斑岩钼(铜)矿床的构造控制

母山含矿斑岩体内及附近发育NNE向、老EW向、新EW向构造及属于局部构造的NNW向构造和弧形构造.其中,NNE向构造为成矿构造.随着时间演进,成矿构造应力场活动强度逐渐减弱,频率逐渐增强.并且,主应力轴σ1的产状也随时间由向SE陡倾变为水平,最后倾向NW.在成矿构造活动强度较大时,控制了与成矿有关的岩体侵入;在成矿构造活动频率较大时,控制了热液活动及有关的成矿作用.     

2-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-二羧甲氨基苯甲酸的合成及其应用——多元显色体系光度法测定金属材料中的镍

报道了新显色剂2-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-二羧甲氨基苯甲酸(BTACB)的合成,研究了在十二烷基硫酸钠(NaLS)存在下Ni~(2+)与BTACB形成蓝紫色配合物的条件,其λ_(max)~(MR)=600nm,ε=2.79×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ni在0～0.6μg/ml范围内服从比尔定律,反应具有一定的选择性。方法已用于直接测定铝合金、纯镁及含一定量Co的钢铁中痕量Ni和经萃取分离后测定纯钴中痕量Ni。     

塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变

塔里木盆地的绿洲按形成历史可划分为古绿洲、旧绿洲和新绿洲,它们分别代表绿洲发展演变的三个阶段。本文对绿洲未来演变趋势作了预测,探讨了盆地古绿洲衰亡原因、认为除了风沙、盐碱及河流改道等自然原因外,人类活动引起的地表水资源时空分配发生变化是主要原因。     

氟离子对在河口区存在形态的理论研究

利用Davies离子强度校正方程,把在标准条件下获取的氟离子对的化学稳定数校正到35%的海水条件下,并应用逐步凑分法计算出F-离子对的几种存在形式:游离态F-占49.9%,MgF+占46.8%,其余为CaF+和NaF0.     

综合物探技术在小盘岭公路隧道选线中的应用

利用综合物探技术,查明岩体风化情况、围岩分类以及构造带分布,进而为公路隧道的选线提供足够的信息,具有重要的意义。采用先进的电阻率成像技术和高分辨率浅层地震勘探方法,在小盘岭公路选线时,取得了很好的应用效果。     

煤中有机质二次生烃迟滞性及其反应动力学机制

采用自然成熟度系列与其预热残渣系列样品相结合方式, 通过热解模拟方法, 对煤中有机质二次生烃迟滞性显现特征和化学反应动力学机制进行了探讨.结果表明: 二次生烃起始成熟度增高, 二次生烃峰位成熟度呈规律性后移, 二次生烃作用“死线”位于R_o=4.0 %左右; 二次生烃峰位成熟度与起始成熟度之差随起始成熟度的增高呈抛物线式演化, 二次生烃的绝对迟滞性和相对迟滞性均呈阶段性演化, 由此可对二次生烃迟滞深度进行预测; 二次生烃半峰宽随起始成熟度呈阶段性演化, 暗示二次生烃起始成熟度位于生油高峰附近的烃源岩, 其生烃量可能相对较大.同时, 原始样品平均活化能的演化经历了4个阶段, 它们与热解生烃量及二次生烃迟滞性的阶段性演化特征高度吻合, 揭示出二次生烃作用严格受控于反应动力学的地球化学机制.