西藏西部措勤盆地措勤-洞错重、磁剖面的地质结构

为研究西藏措勤—洞错地区的地质结构,对2006年采集的1:50000重、磁剖面资料进行了分析、处理、曲线拟合计算与解释。结果表明,南端冈底斯基底走滑断隆带古生界褶皱基底很浅,缺失中生界;中部措勤盆地则埋深较大,最深可达9km,并表现为北深南浅的格局,主要充填了巨厚的中生界;北部班公湖-怒江缝合带的基底深度小于3km;剖面上羌塘地体的基底深度约3.5km。剖面中部措勤盆地北部坳陷与班公湖-怒江缝合带结晶基底磁性弱,北部和南部结晶基底磁性强。推断了12条断裂,其中F7断裂为措勤盆地北界,F1断裂为盆地南界。推断了6个花岗岩类岩体、2个蛇绿岩体及一套规模较大的火山岩,并描述了其地下赋存的特征。     

Averianowograptus 笔石在陕西南部岚皋地区的发现

在早古生代有一类特殊的弓笔石,其中有1949年奥布特建立的Averianowograptus[1-3],它的特征是第二幼枝再次分枝,也有葛里柯夫1969年建立的Kurganakograptus[2],它的特征是第一和第三幼枝再次分枝,这二者均产于中亚乌兹别克斯坦的马里古扎尔山;还有发现于美国西北部爱达荷州凯彻姆的Cyrtograptus kirki Ruedemann[4],它的特征是第三幼枝再次分枝.     

陆相火山岩区填图方法研究新进展——“火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层”填图方法

近10年来,福建省地质调查研究院对陆相火山岩区填图方法进行了不断的探索与试验,特别是对福安市幅等4幅1∶50000区域地质调查项目进行全面系统的调研与总结,取得了重要进展,将火山岩区"火山地层-岩相(岩性)"双重填图法发展完善成为"火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层"三位一体的填图方法。将该填图方法作一简单的总结,以求共同提高新一轮区调填图的质量。     

小波变换在饶阳凹陷层序地层格架建立中的应用

小波变换提供了一种研究层序地层格架的新方法,它将测井信号从一维深度域转换到二维深度—尺度域,从多尺度识别不同级次的地层旋回界面。根据小波变换的原理,确定了测井数据小波变换在层序地层划分中的地质意义,建立了四种小波变换中的地层旋回模型。在饶阳凹陷的实际应用中,选取自然伽马曲线进行小波变换,应用时频色谱图分析和快速傅里叶变换多种方法选取尺度因子。通过对时频色谱图和不同尺度下小波系数曲线的综合分析,对饶阳凹陷古近系G104井层序地层进行了划分,并以2 198.625m位置为突变界面,划分出两个较大尺度旋回,以2142.375m、2 163.875m、2 198.625m、2 238.625m位置为界面,划分出5个较小尺度旋回。实际结果应用表明,小波多尺度变换划分层序地层的结果和传统方法划分基本一致。     

基于遥感技术的龙门山前山带烃类微渗漏信息提取

通过对龙门山前山带含油区与非含油区的岩石、土壤、植被等进行测试,认为烃类微渗漏会造成地表热异常、红层褪色、低价铁富集以及粘土矿化等现象,并对研究区的粘土矿物、Fe3+、Fe2+与烃类的波普曲线特征进行了分析对比。以ETM卫星图像为主要信息源,选择了TM2/TM3、TM3/TM4和TM5/TM7进行比值处理,从光谱数据中直接提取出碳酸盐化、粘土矿化、红层褪色等油气蚀变信息,并在对研究区遥感地质解译的基础上,指出烃渗漏信息异常晕主要沿断裂带分布,特别在不同走向断裂的交汇区域分布面积和强度较大,而在已知油气圈闭区域,信息晕主要呈碎片状或斑点状零散分布,且以低值异常为主。根据烃渗漏异常的分布特征,提取出石板滩、中坝、孝泉、聚源、鸭子河以及邛崃等遥感信息异常区块。     

Relation between temperature changes of the mid-upper troposphere over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance in the twentieth century

The δ¹⁸O data obtained from an 18.7 m ice core drilled in Chongce Ice Cap at an elevation of 6,530 m a.s.l. in the West Kunlun Mountains on the northern Tibetan Plateau show a strong correlation with the summer temperature of the middle to upper troposphere over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. Based on this, the δ¹⁸O record can be used as a proxy of the June–September mean temperature of the mid-upper troposphere (MUT) from 1903 to 1992. The time span of the ice core record is much longer than the meteorological data available only after 1948. Using the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD), the δ¹⁸O record is decomposed into various frequency components and compared with the solar irradiance variations of the same period. The results show that (1) The June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes is completely decomposed into four IMF (intrinsic mode function) components and an increasing trend. (2) Solar irradiance is decomposed into the Schwabe cycle, the Hale cycle, the Gleissberg cycle, and an increasing trend. (3) The correlation coefficients between the June and September mean temperatures of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance on the longer timescales (at least more than 11-year) show the significant correlations; their phase changes are basically identical in general, and (4) the 11-year Schwabe cycle exists in the June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes during most of the time from 1903 to 1992, and only in the two high-temperature phases (1929–1944 and from 1975 to the present) may global warming disturb this relation. A full understanding of this phenomenon would shed insight into the potential consequence of global warming on the MUT.     

Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils

In Korea, soils adjacent to abandoned mines are commonly contaminated by heavy metals present in mine tailings. Further, the disposal of oyster shell waste by oyster farm industries has been associated with serious environmental problems. In this study, we attempted to remediate cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soils typical of those commonly found adjacent to abandoned mines using oyster shell waste as a soil stabilizer. Natural oyster shell powder (NOSP) and calcined oyster shell powder (COSP) were applied as soil amendments to immobilize Cd and Pb. The primary components of NOSP and COSP are calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and calcium oxide (CaO), respectively. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope analyses conducted in this study revealed that the calcination of NOSP at 770°C converted the less reactive CaCO₃ to the more reactive CaO. The calcination process also decreased the sodium content in COSP, indicating that it was advantageous to use COSP as a liming material in agricultural soil. After 30 days of incubation, we found that the 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd and Pb contents in soil decreased significantly as a result of an increase in the soil pH and the formation of metal hydroxides. COSP was more effective in immobilizing Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil than NOSP. Overall, the results of this study suggest that oyster shell waste can be recycled into an effective soil ameliorant.     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)不同品系生长与耐高盐性状配合力及杂种优势分析

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是优质经济虾类,为培育出具有更多不同优良经济性状的优质亲本,亟需开展杂交育种工作。以凡纳滨对虾5个不同品系进行不完全双列杂交产生的F1代资料为分析对象,利用统计学和混合线性模型对生长及耐高盐性状进行配合力和杂种优势分析。结果显示,对于生长性状,5个品系中检测到的一般配合力(GCA)效应值较低,实验环境下生长性状主要受特殊配合力的影响,Z♂×Z♀、P♂×XH♀2个组合生长性状的非加性效应明显,特殊配合力(SCA)效应值分别为0.69和0.30;对于耐高盐性状,品系P、S的GCA效应值最高,分别为0.83和0.53,P♂×XH♀、S♂×S♀2个组合耐高盐性状SCA效应值最高,分别为2.67和3.37;生长和耐高盐性状配合力方差组分结果显示,3个性状的特殊配合力方差占表型方差比例均高于一般配合力;5个杂交组合中体质量和高盐耐受性状的平均杂种优势范围分别为–19.23%~18.07%和–10.50%~20.97%。P♂×XH♀组合在生长和耐高盐性状方面杂种优势明显,可以考虑加强该组合在选育及生产方面的应用。     

三种扇贝挥发性风味物质指纹图谱分析

为探究海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)三种扇贝闭壳肌的挥发性风味物质差异,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,GC-IMS)技术,对三种扇贝闭壳肌在新鲜(40℃)和加热(100℃)情况下进行挥发性成分分析。结果表明:在新鲜状态下,海湾扇贝(HWSB-F)、栉孔扇贝(ZKSB-F)、虾夷扇贝(XYSB-F)闭壳肌中,共定性出27种挥发性风味物质,其中醛类8种,醇类5种,酮类5种,酯类3种,以及醚类、苯类、酸类、烯类和噻唑等。在加热情况下,海湾扇贝(HWSB-C)、栉孔扇贝(ZKSB-C)、虾夷扇贝(XYSB-C)闭壳肌中共定性出52种挥发性风味物质,其中醛类20种,酯类5种,酮类7种,醇类8种,烯类4种,酸类2种,醚类2种,还包括吡嗪、胺类、苯类、含氧杂环等物质。对三种扇贝闭壳肌新鲜组和加热组指纹图谱进行分析,发现新鲜扇贝原有的挥发性风味物质加热后减少,且产生了新的其他种类的挥发性风味物质。扇贝闭壳肌加热组的挥发性风味物质种类较多,组成比较复杂,新鲜组的扇贝闭壳肌挥发性风味物质种类较少,组成简单。通过主成分分析,可在新鲜状态和加热状态下,有效区分三种扇贝闭壳肌组织。三种扇贝闭壳肌挥发性风味物质指纹图谱的建立,丰富了不同扇贝呈味物质的组成成分研究内容,证明GC-IMS技术可快速鉴别三种去壳扇贝闭壳肌的种类,为不同种扇贝闭壳肌以次充好提供检测依据。     

Automated multi-scale classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots and their mineral resource characteristics

Given the advances in satellite altimetry and multibeam bathymetry, benthic terrain classification based on digital bathymetric models (DBMs) has been widely used for the mapping of benthic topographies. For instance, cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) are important mineral resources found on seamounts and guyots in the western Pacific Ocean. Thick, plate-like CRCs are known to form on the summit and slopes of seamounts at the 1 000–3 000 m depth, while the relationship between seamount topography and spatial distribution of CRCs remains unclear. The benthic terrain classification of seamounts can solve this problem, thereby, facilitating the rapid exploration of seamount CRCs. Our study used an EM122 multibeam echosounder to retrieve high-resolution bathymetry data in the CRCs contract license area of China, i.e., the Jiaxie Guyots in 2015 and 2016. Based on the DBM construted by bathymetirc data, broad- and fine-scale bathymetric position indices were utilized for quantitative classification of the terrain units of the Jiaxie Guyots on multiple scales. The classification revealed four first-order terrain units (e.g., flat, crest, slope, and depression) and eleven second-order terrain units (e.g., local crests, depressions on crests, gentle slopes, crests on slopes, and local depressions, etc.). Furthermore, the classification of the terrain and geological analysis indicated that the Weijia Guyot has a large flat summit, with local crests at the southern summit, whereas most of the guyot flanks were covered by gentle slopes. “Radial” mountain ridges have developed on the eastern side, while large-scale gravitational landslides have developed on the western and southern flanks. Additionally, landslide masses can be observed at the bottom of these slopes. The coverage of local crests on the seamount is ~1 000 km2, and the local crests on the peak and flanks of the guyots may be the areas where thick and continuous plate-like CRCs are likely to occur.