国际大洋钻探计划研究方向与钻探目标

从地球环境动力学和地球内部动力学２个方面介绍国际大洋钻探计划研究方向与钻探目标,前者主要试图了解地球气候变化历史与规律、海平面变化的原因与影响以及通过沉积物、液体和细菌等研究了解全球碳循环、气水合物形成和深海生物资源等重要问题;后者主要试图探测地球深部热与物质的转换、调查岩石圈变形与地震形成过程。同时,也介绍了ＯＤＰ提出的３个挑战性项目,即自然气候变化和气候剧变原因、地质过程的现场监测和大陆边缘与洋壳深部结构探测。     

新疆乌伦古湖浮游植物群落结构

于2006年11月至2007年7月按季度对乌伦古湖浮游植物进行了取样调查,共发现浮游藻类164种(包括若干未定名种),隶属于8门90属,其中Anabaena bergii为新疆新记录种,两种硅藻Chaetocerns sp.和Thalassionema sp.属于海产种类.各季种类组成均以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,蓝藻门和裸藻门次之,甲藻门、金藻门、黄藻门、隐藻门种类均比较少.秋季种类最多,有141种;其次是夏季和春季,分别为128种和121种;冬季种类最少,仅有95种.中华小尖头藻、微小四角藻、小形月牙藻、小球藻及尖针杆藻为全年可见优势种;肘状针杆藻在春季、夏季和秋季构成优势种群;扭曲蹄形藻和椭圆小球藻仅在夏季构成优势种群,而水溪绿球藻和粗刺四棘藻仅在冬季构成优势种群.藻类生物量周年变动模式为单峰型,生物量的峰值出现在夏季(6.77mg/L).最低值出现在冬季(1.45mg/L).结合历史资料分析发现,30年来,乌伦古湖浮游藻类不仅在种类组成上发生了明显的变化,在数量上也显著着一定的增长,并以绿藻和硅藻类群的增长最为显著.     

HHP花岗岩和喷气沉积贱金属硫化物矿床间的成因关系

热源一直是沉积喷气型块状硫化物矿床成因模式难以解决的阿题．在该类矿床下盘岩石中HHP花岗岩的发现为其问题的解决提供了新途径。HHP花岗岩含有很高的放射性U、Th和K，能长期持续地提供热能．从而在上覆沉积岩中驱动热液对流循环系统。如果保持中等程度高的渗透率．一个宽大于10km的HHP花岗岩驱动并维持热液对流循环系统脉动性地活动10^5-10^4a．耶么温度为235℃．且最初由花岗岩缓冲的还原卤水能提供10Mt铅锌，所以确定HHP花岗岩及其形成时代有助于大型Sedex矿床的发现。     

Metal tissue levels in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups

The endangered Western population of the Steller sea lion declined for three decades for uncertain reasons. We present baseline data of metal concentrations in pups as a first step towards investigating the potential threat of developmental exposures to contaminants. Seven metals were investigated: arsenic, cadmium, silver, aluminum, mercury, lead and vanadium. Vanadium was detected in only a single blubber sample. Mercury appears to be the most toxicologically significant metal with concentrations in the liver well above the current action level for mercury in fish. The concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, silver, cadmium and lead were present in one-fourth to two-thirds of all samples and were at either comparable or below concentrations previously reported. Neither gender nor region had a significant effect on metal burdens. Future work should consider metal concentrations in juveniles and adults and toxicological studies need to be performed to begin to assess the toxicity of these metals.     

Effects of some environmental parameters on the reproduction and development of a tropical marine harpacticoid copepod Nitocra affinis f. californica Lang

The effects of salinity, temperature, and light conditions on the reproduction and development of harpacticoid copepod, Nitocra affinis f. californica under controlled laboratory conditions were determined. Seven different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt), four temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 °C), three different light intensities (25, 56, 130 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and photoperiods (24 h:0 h, 1 h:23 h, 12 h:12 h LD cycle) were employed in this study. The highest (p < 0.05) overall reproduction and fastest development time were achieved by copepods reared under 30–35 ppt salinity. The optimum temperature required for the maximum reproduction was 30 °C while under 30 °C and 35 °C the copepod development time was shortest (p < 0.05) compared to other temperature levels. The overall reproduction was highest (p < 0.05) and development rate of N. affinis was shortest (p < 0.05) under lowest light intensity (25 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Continuous light (24 h:0 h LD) inhibited the egg production while, continuous darkness (1 h:23 h LD) and 12 h:12 h LD significantly favoured the overall reproductive activity of the female. Photoperiods 1 h:23 h and 12 h:12 h LD yielded highest total (p < 0.05) offspring female⁻¹ coupled with highest (p < 0.05) survival percentage. This study illustrated that although N. affinis can tolerate wide range of environmental conditions, prolonged exposure to subnormal environments affect its reproduction and development. This study showed that this species can be mass cultured for commercial purposes and has a potential to be used for toxicity studies due to its high reproductive performance fast development and a wide range of tolerance to environmental conditions.