Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang (3 597 m) and Shibantang (3 689 m) located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8 4-7 7 ka, cold and wet during 7 7-6 5 ka, cold and dry during 6 5-4 7 ka, cool and wet during 4 7-2 1 ka, warm and wet during 2 1-1 0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.     

风险评价与风险控制技术在矿山企业中的应用

为更好地适应新形势下安全生产的需要,矿山企业结合自身的特点,以现代的系统的安全管理模式替代原来传统的管理模式,应用风险评价与风险控制技术,搭建一个以“风险控制为核心”的规范化、结构化、系统化的新的安全管理平台,可以有效地控制风险,防止和遏制各类事故的发生。     

中国海岸带分布规律及其海部要素变化检测

在海岸带图测绘完成后,海部要素的变化是导致海岸带图使用价值降低的重要因素.根据我国海岸的组成物质将其归纳为淤泥质海岸、沙砾质海岸、基岩海岸、红树海岸和珊瑚海岸,并归纳总结了每一种海岸的空间分布规律.分析了影响海岸线、干出滩以及近海水深等海部要素变化的主要因素,海岸要素变化的因素和变化规律,进而提出了海部要素实质性变化的检测统计方法,对提高海岸带图测绘效率、缩短成图周期、确定更新周期和制定更新方案都具有重要的意义.     

关于GPS控制网WGS84平差坐标向地方独立坐标系的转换

GPS控制网在无起算点或起算点不准确的情况下,无法用约束平差的方法计算GPS网点在地方独立坐标系中的2维平差坐标.提出采用GPS网WGS84平差坐标向地方独立坐标系转换的方法来获取GPS网点的2维坐标,并通过具体实例说明转换后的边长尺度与地方独立坐标系中应有的边长尺度相一致,从而保持了GPS网应有的高精度.     

中国沿海及内陆地区长周期脉动特征分析

地脉动台阵观测作为一种低成本的剪切波速度构造探测方法,预计将在中国地震灾害预防中起到重要作用。为了研究地脉动台阵观测中长周期信号的特征以及中国长周期地脉动的特点和适用性,开展了中国从沿海到内陆地区地脉动信号的观测和分析,探查由沿海到内陆地区地脉动的变化规律以及内陆地区广域的地脉动特征,发展适合于我国内陆地区的基于地脉动的地下构造勘探方法,在中国大陆上海市、西安市、天水市及兰州市进行了长周期地脉动观测。现场试验结果表明,上海地脉动特征与日本关东平原地区的观测结果类似,可以认为在海岸地区深部结构调查的地脉动台阵观测有良好的适用性。然而,西安、兰州、天水长周期地脉动能量只有上海的千分之一,因此需要进一步研究更加灵敏的仪器性能和更加稳定的观测方法。     

GNSS接收机DCB短期时变特征分析和估计方法

提出一种使用非差非组合精密单点定位(PPP)估计和分析接收机DCB短时时变特征的方法。首先利用非差非组合PPP得到包含接收机DCB的重构电离层参数估值;然后通过IGS电离层GIMs格网模型内插剥离各历元站星斜向电离层距离延迟;最后通过最小二乘约束得到各历元接收机DCB解。由于格网本身精度(2~8 TECU)和插值精度限制,解算出来的接收机DCB并不能真实反映其短期时变特征。为此,提出利用站间单差或者历元间差分的方法还原其真实的变化态势。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确估计接收机DCB,并能真实还原其短期时变特征,具有良好的适用性。     

“2008.8.6”绥化市大雾天气成因分析

应用绥化自动气象观测站和气象航空报资料以及MICAPS相关资料,对2008年8月6日绥化市一次大雾天气过程,从环流形势、影响系统、水汽条件和层结稳定条件等方面进行了分析,结果表明:这次大雾主要是平流造成的;深厚而稳定的暖性西北太平洋副热带高压是主要影响系统;低层湿度场和风场的适当配合,提供了充足的水汽条件;中低层深厚的暖平流为产生稳定的逆温层提供了有利条件;交替型逆温结构即有利于层结稳定,阻碍水汽的垂直交换,又有利于水汽凝结成水滴形成雾.     

Inter-Comparison of lO-year Precipitation Simulated by Several RCMs for Asia

In phase Ⅱ of the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project （RMIP） for Asia, the regional climate has been simulated for July 1988 through December 1998 by five regional climate models and one global variable resolution model. Comparison of the 10-year simulated precipitation with the observations was carried out. The results show that most models have the capacity to reproduce the basic spatial pattern of precipitation for Asia, and the main rainbelt can be reproduced by most models, but there are distinctions in the location and the intensity. Most models overestimate the precipitation over most continental regions. Interannual variability of the precipitation can also be basically simulated, while differences exist between various models and the observations. The biases in the stream field are important reasons behind the simulation errors of the Regional Climate Models （RCMs）. The cumulus scheme and land surface process have large influences on the precipitation simulation. Generally, the Grell cumulus scheme produces more precipitation than the Kuo scheme.     

SENSITIVITY OF THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL TO RADIATION SCHEMES IN CHINA

Results of one-year simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, with the use of different radiation schemes (RRTM, RRTMG, CAM, New Goddard and Goddard), are evaluated for China. The observations used in the model assessment include station data from the China Meteorological Administration, 14 flux field sites arranged in a coordinated observation network, and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data. Specifically, based on a Taylor diagram, the temperature differences between the radiation schemes are small, and the best annual mean spatial pattern and average value for China as a whole is produced by RRTMG. For the rainfall and net radiation annual mean simulation, the New Goddard and CAM schemes present better results than the RRTMG scheme. With respect to low cloud cover, all the schemes have similar reproduction without high cover on east of Tibet Plateau. Overall, the New Goddard and CAM schemes are suitable for longtime simulation without nesting and nudging options.     

世界主要国家及地区制造业GVC地位时空格局演化——基于TiVA数据库的研究

在经济全球化和全球产业转移不断深化的背景下,不同国家在国际分工生产中所处的全球价值链（GVC）地位不同。一国能否从参与全球化中获益,日益取决于能否成功融入全球价值链,并在某一特定环节占据竞争优势。明确全球制造业大国的GVC地位,认识其国际分工及影响规律具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。利用TiVA数据库,测算世界59个国家及地区1995—2014年制造业GVC地位指数并分析其演变特征。结果显示：全球价值链地位较高的国家及地区主要分布在美洲、欧洲及东亚,位于中亚、西亚、非洲和大洋洲的国家参与极少,近年来高附加值生产环节呈现不断向少数国家及地区集中的趋势。大部分国家及地区劳动密集型行业地位较高,技术密集型地位指数较低,技术密集型行业的贸易附加值主要被少数掌握核心技术和价值链两端的国家及地区获得。从细分行业上看,核心国家及地区均呈现了分阶段演化的特征。在空间相关关系上,制造业整体和劳动密集型行业GVC地位指数均呈显著的空间集聚分布特征,且集聚程度先降低后升高,资本密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚分布最为显著且集聚程度不断增强,而技术密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚效应不明显。从空间集聚形式来看,大部分国家及地区GVC地位指数较低,贸易附加值被少数GVC地位较高的国家及地区获得。此外,外商直接投资、资本投入会抑制一国GVC地位的提升,科研创新能力对于一国GVC地位的提升起促进作用,出口规模与一国GVC地位呈明显的正向关系,行政效能对于一国GVC地位无明显影响,但是行政效能会促进外商直接投资对于GVC地位的抑制作用。