大冶铁矿露天转地下开采的离散元数值模拟研究

离散单元方法特别适合于节理比较发育的岩体。对于模拟和分析矿山中因采矿引起的围岩松动和冒落等力学行为是比较有效的。用离散单元法研究了大冶铁矿狮子山采区露天转地下开采，采用充填法、崩落法采掘对露天边坡和围岩的影响及围岩变形规律，并得出了相应的结论，为设计和方案的选用提供了一些有益的根据。     

土参数对桩基水平响应影响的研究

桩基的水平响应由桩土间的相互作用决定,通过采用p-y曲线来表示桩土间的非线性相互作用。通过算例,讨论分析了粘性土参数的变化对p-y曲线中土体的极限强度和刚度、桩基水平位移和弯矩分布及最大弯矩和水平荷载关系的影响。     

Methods for Setting up a Three-Dimensional Industrial Surveying System of “Building Blocks Type”

1　Methodsfororientatinginitialdirec tioninindustrialsurveyDifferentfromconventionalengineeringsurvey,thedistancebetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesinindustrialsurveyisnomorethantenmeters.Theaccu racyforthemeasurementofobjectpointsisrequiredtobebetween± ( 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 5～ 0 .2 0 )mm ,sotheaccu racyfortheorientationoftheinitialdirectionoughttobehigh .Theexistingmethodsfororientatingtheinitialdirectionbetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesincludemethodofusinginnertarget,collimatormethod,metho…     

基于XML的WebGIS体系结构

针对WebGIS中存在的地理空间数据语义共享问题，在分析XML和GML特点的基础上，论述了基于XML构架WebGIS系统的方案和应用方式，并详析了实现构架的相关技术。     

关注我国“工业测量”事业的发展

尝试给出工业测量的定义、范畴、目标的分类和多样性,简要叙述工业测量手段的多样性,列举待研制和待改进的工业测量集成系统的名称以及所依托的几何传感器的类别。     

Delayed geochemical hazard: Concept, digital model and case study

Delayed Geochemical Hazard (DGH briefly) presents the whole process of a kind of serious ecological and environmental hazard caused by sudden reactivation and sharp release of long-term accumulated pollutant from stable species to active ones in soil or sediment system due to the change of physical-chemical conditions (such as temperature, pH, Eh, moisture, the concentrations of organic matters, etc.) or the decrease of environment capacity. The characteristics of DGH are discussed. The process of a typical DGH can be expressed as a nonlinear polynomial. The points where the derivative functions of the first and second orders of the polynomial reach zero, minimum and maximum are keys for risk assessment and harzard pridication.The process and mechanism of the hazard is due to the transform of pollutant among different species principally. The concepts of "total releasable content of pollutant", TRCP, and "total concentration of active specie", TCAS, are necessarily defined to describe the mechanism of DGH. The possibility of the temporal and spatial propagation is discussed. Case study shows that there exists a transform mechanism of "gradual release" and "chain reaction" among the species of the exchangeable and the bounds to carbonate, iron and manganese oxides and organic matter, thus causing the delayed geochemical hazard.     

The dynamic characteristics and migration of a pyramid dune

The results of wind tunnel experiments and field observations show that when the intersection angle between airflow direction and dune crest (ridge) line is > 30°, a reverse vortex is formed. Because of the convergence of sand streams from the windward and lee slopes at the crest, sand accumulates in the crestal region, causing vertical growth. Nevertheless, studies also show that the common asymmetry of the two slopes of a dune may significantly influence the evolution of arms of a pyramid dune. The migration rates of pyramid dunes are mediated by the interplay of their arms moving transversely and the vertical growth in response to the variations in wind regimes. Comparing the effects of airflow transverse to a given arm with longitudinal airflow, it is indicated that the transverse airflow is more significant in controlling the arms of pyramid dunes. The whole body of the studied pyramid dune, particularly the upper quarter section, migrated SE direction during the monitoring period. The patterns of wind erosion and deposition change alternately with seasonal variations in wind directions. The W, NE and SE sides undergo constant erosion, deposition and both erosion and deposition, respectively. The results of long-term monitoring of a pyramid dune show that southerly winds, resulting from a local circulation, markedly affect the transverse migration of the whole pyramid dune.     

GRAPES区域扰动预报模式动力框架设计及检验

设计了适用于四维变分同化系统的扰动预报模式GRAPES_PF。根据GRAPES的地形追随坐标非静力原始方程组,采用小扰动分离方法推导微分形式的线性扰动预报方程组,并利用与GRAPES非线性模式相似的数值求解方案求解线性扰动微分方程组。在设计扰动预报模式时采用了两个时间层半隐式半拉格朗日方案对动量方程、热力学方程、水汽方程和连续方程进行时间差分,空间差分方案的变量分布水平方向采用Arakawa C跳点网格,垂直方向采用Charney/Phillips跳层。利用代数消元法进一步推导得到只包含未来时刻扰动Exner气压的亥姆霍兹方程,进而通过广义共轭余差法(GCR)求解,在此基础上得到未来时刻扰动量的预报值。基于所开发的扰动模式开展了数值试验。首先在非线性模式中施加一个中尺度初始扰动高压,得到初始扰动在非线性模式中的后续演变,然后将相同的初始扰动作为扰动模式的初值进行时间积分,将扰动模式预报的结果与非线性模式的结果做了对比。结果表明,所开发的扰动模式GRAPES_PF较好地模拟了惯性重力内波的传播过程:初始高压扰动激发了一个迅速向外传播的惯性重力内波,...     

低空无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的应用

智慧地铁的建设需要三维模型的支撑,运用倾斜摄影测量技术,结合三维可视化技术,为智慧地铁提供了三维数据支撑,推动了全生命周期智慧地铁建设的全面发展。本文旨在以雄安新区城市轨道交通R1线为研究区,对其沿线85 km进行了无人机航飞工作,通过数据处理获取了沿线三维实景模型,并对模型成果精度进行了详细对比。结果表明,此次倾斜摄影测量成果满足1∶500比例尺要求。此外,还对倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的相关应用进行了介绍,为城市轨道交通建设工作由二维向三维转变开拓了新的方向。     

基于遥感影像大数据、卷积神经网络的福建省有效致灾雷电分布模型及应用

为了研究福建省有效致灾雷电的分布情况,基于福建省2004-2012年闪电定位数据及雷击人员伤亡数据、福建省L17级谷歌遥感影像瓦片,引入卷积神经网络模型对遥感影像所在区域是否属于人员活动的属性进行建模、训练和预测,得到福建省人员活动属性的格点产品,结合福建省历史雷电数据对有效致灾的雷电分布情况进行了分析,结果表明:①设...