黄河中游汛期水沙联合分布模型及其应用

为在宏观上对黄河中游水沙运动的变化规律从随机过程的角度予以揭示,以黄河中游潼关水文站1952-1998年期间流量超过6 000m3/s的次洪过程中的洪峰流量和相应的沙峰含沙量系列为基础,运用Copula函数方法构建了黄河中游汛期水沙联合分布模型并对其应用进行了探讨.结果表明:在水沙丰枯同步频率中,同丰的频率略大于同枯的...     

浅谈辽河群区域对比

辽河群广布于辽东地区,为一套古元古代层状中浅变质岩系.由于原岩存在沉积相变,加之后期变质变形的改造,各地岩性组合差异较大.经多年野外实地考察,将辽河群大致划分为两区、四相段,并进行较深入的建造与改造的研究,不仅解决了辽河群层序划分和区域对比问题,而且也解决了与邻区同时代地层对比的问题.     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中地幔柱型岩浆作用——来自氦、氩同位素的证据

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的氦、氩同位素组成分别是：蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的^3He/^4He比值为1．104-3．384Ra,平均为2．383Ra;玄武岩的He同位素组成比较均一,^3He/^4He平均值为5．359 Ra;辉绿岩的^3He／^4He比值变化较大,为1—5Ra。由于各岩石样品有不同程度的蚀变,造成放射性成因He的加入,因此大多数样品He同位素组成比低于亏损地幔大洋中脊玄武岩的值(MORB≈8Ra),不能真实反映源区特征。而采自吉定的辉绿岩样品^3He/^4He比值平均高达31．57Ra,与夏威夷发现的热点地幔源区的样品比值接近;分步加热法进一步测试,其高比值的He是在低温区段释放的。这种高^3He/^4He比值He的捕获,表明雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩形成时存在地幔柱型富集地幔岩浆作用。     

衰减夹层GPR模拟的时频域全局反射误差

全局反射误差分析是深入研究探地雷达（GPR）吸收边界条件吸收效率的有力工具.基于常规完全匹配层（PML）的标准交错网格有限差分算法必须满足严格的CFL条件限制,即在单位时间步长内,不容许电磁波传播的距离超过单元网格尺寸.为了提高主区域所有网格节点的计算效率,并有效地吸收传播后期出现的低频隐失波,提出基于非分裂递归卷积完全匹配层（UCPML）的旋转交错网格（RSG）GPR正演算法.该算法采用不同的网格交错策略,并在边界条件中引入了吸收低频隐失波的自由可变因子,使得该算法允许选取较大的时间步长,提高了计算效率,并且实现了对低频隐失波的高效吸收.本文首先给出了RSG差分格式,推导了基于UCPML的RSG差分更新方程,探讨了数值色散的稳定性条件,然后以绕射现象严重的衰减夹层数值模拟为例,分别从波场快照、单道波记录、时间域反射误差（TDRE）、频率域反射误差（FDRE）四个方面分析了UCPML与常规PML的全局反射误差,说明了基于UCPML和RSG的GPR正演算法能更有效地吸收低频隐失波.

     

深层砂泥岩储层继承性裂缝发育特征

西部挤压盆地内低渗性含油气砂泥岩储层构造运动期次多、埋藏深度大、泥质夹层多、高角度网状缝继承性发育,裂缝不仅是油气的有效运移通道,也是储层压裂开发效果的主要影响因素。选择西部天山山前某区块深层砂泥岩裂缝性气藏为研究区,以裂缝形成机制的探讨和研究为突破点,在岩心观察、CT层析成像扫描、成像测井解释的基础上,精细统计裂缝产状、开度、充填度,结合流体包裹体及古应力场划分裂缝发育期次,最后总结继承性裂缝的发育模式。研究结果表明,砂泥岩储层裂缝继承性缝的有利发育条件为多期次构造运动、低应力差、低逼近角度、适当泥质含量或低摩擦因数,岩性是内因,构造应力是外因。     

Comparative assessment of nitrogen fixation rate by 15N2 tracer assays in the South China Sea

Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes. The distribution, controlling factors, and flux of N₂ fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain, partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity. The 15N₂ tracer assay (the original bubble method → the 15N₂-enriched seawater method → the modified bubble method) is the mainstream method for field measurements of N₂ fixation rates (NFRs), among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used. However, accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method. To improve the availability of previous data, we compared NFRs measured by three 15N₂ tracer assays in the South China Sea. Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the 15N₂-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season, which may be influenced by incubation time, diazotrophic composition, and environmental factors. In comparison, the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable, indicating that the N₂ fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%. Based on this result, we revised the flux of N₂ fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a). Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea. The comparison of the 15N₂ tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N₂ fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.     

美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)的核型研究

１９９６年１２月对养殖的美国红鱼采用注射秋水仙碱方法,取其肾脏直接进行染色体制片,镜检得：美国红鱼染色体数目 为４８条,全部是端部 着丝点染色体,其核型公式是２ｎ＝４８ｔ,臂数ＮＦ＝４８。     

关于底质二向性反射分布函数

二向性反射分布函数(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)是遥感技术发展到一定阶段的产物。在水色遥感领域,目前研究文献不是很多。本文综述了国内外湖体底质BRDF的研究现状,并指出了其仍待解决问题。     

中华蛸寄生丛集球虫(顶复亚门:丛集球虫科)新种的形态学与分子生物学研究

丛集球虫(顶复亚门:类锥体纲:丛集球虫科)是头足类消化道中一类常见寄生虫,在福建连江海域以及浙江南麂岛周边海域采捕到的中华蛸(Octopussinensis)盲囊及肠组织内发现一丛集球虫新种,命名为多刺丛集球虫Aggregata octaculeata sp. nov.。光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察发现,中华蛸体内的多刺丛集球虫存在配子生殖阶段和孢子生殖阶段,其中,孢子生殖阶段成熟卵囊呈近球形或椭球形,长径653.6—806.5μm,短径588.1—787.1μm。孢子囊为卵球形或椭球形,长径22.4—26.1μm,短径20.5—24.6μm,孢子囊壁为双层,外部光滑,内层多刺。孢子囊内子孢子呈卷曲状,数目范围8—13个,子孢子长度为22.2—28.6μm,宽度为3.0—5.0μm。基于18SrRNA基因构建的系统发育树进一步证实该物种隶属于丛集球虫属,并高度支持了属内[(中华丛集球虫A. sinensis+A. octopiana)+A. eberthi]+多刺丛集球虫A. octaculeata的系统发生关系。     

Dynamic Response Analysis and Vibration Control for A Fixed-Bottom Offshore Wind Turbine Subjected to Multiple External Excitations

For the offshore wind turbines installed in earthquake areas, their operation is affected by seismic loads in addition to wind and wave loads. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic responses and vibration control of the wind turbines. In previous studies, the structural responses of offshore wind turbines are usually investigated in the parked case, while the blade rotation effect is usually not considered. The evaluation on the structural responses may be inaccurate under this conditi...